Stadler Genetics Symposia, volume 13, 1981 (MU)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10355/66521

Contents of volume 13

Acknowledgements
Contents
Participants
Ernest R. Sears Scholarship Fund
Louise Clarke, Molly Fitzgerald- Hayes, Jean-Marie Buhler, and John Carbon: THE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF YEAST CENTROMERES
Gerald R. Smith, Dennis W. Schultz, Andrew F. Taylor, and Kathleen Triman: CHI SITES, RecBC ENZYME, AND GENERALIZED RECOMBINATION
Mary-Dell Chilton, Michael W. Bewan, Narendra Yadav, A.J.M. Matzke, Michael Byrne, Marjori Grula, Kenneth Barton, Jos Vanderleyden, Annick de Framond, and Wayne M. Barnes: TAILORING THE AGROBACTERIUM Ti PLASMID AS A VECTOR FOR PLANT GENETIC ENGINEERING
John R. Roth and Molly B. Schmid: ARRANGEMENT AND REARRANGEMENT OF THE BACTERIAL CHROMOSOME
Doris L. Slate and Frank H. Ruddle SOMATIC CELL GENETIC ANALYSIS OF THE INTERFERON SYSTEM
Frances Burr and Benjamin Burr HETEROGENEITY AND EXPRESSION OF THE ZEIN STORAGE PROTEIN GENE FAMILY
John R. Laughnan, Susan Gabay-Laughnan, and John E. Carlson: CHARACTERISTICS OF cms-S REVERSION TO MALE FERTILITY IN MAIZE
Benjamin Burr and Frances Burr: TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS AND GENETIC INSTABILITIES IN CROP PLANTS
Stuart A. Kauffman: PATTERN FORMATION IN THE DROSOPHILA EMBRYO
The recipient of the Sears - Longwell Award for 1981
Cumulative Contents of the Proceedings of the Stadler Genetics Symposia

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Stadler Genetics Symposia, volume 13, 1981 : Preliminaries and back matter
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1981) Stadler Genetics Symposium (13th : 1981 : Columbia, Missouri)
Chi sites, RecBC enzyme, and geneneralized recombination
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1981) Smith, Gerald R.; Schultz, Dennis W.; Taylor, Andrew F.; Triman, Kathleen; Stadler Genetics Symposium (13th : 1981 : Columbia, Missouri)
With the goal of elucidating the molecular basis of genetic recombination, our laboratory has studied special sites that promote recombination in their neighborhood and enzymes essential for recombination in Escherichia coli. The genetic properties of Chi sites of E. coli and phage [lambda], determined by the laboratory of F. Stahl, suggest that Chi is a recognition sequence for a recombination-promoting enzyme. Our laboratory's finding that Chi is the unique nucleotide sequence 5' G-C-T-G-G-T-C-G 3' (or its complement or both) substantiates this view. Genetic studies suggest that Chi may be recognized by the E. coli RecBC enzyme. Based upon electron micrographic studies of reaction intermediates we have proposed a model by which RecBC enzyme unwinds and rewinds DNA. We discuss a mechanism where by RecBC's hypothesized nicking of DNA at Chi sites during DNA unwinding can promote recombination in a manner consistent with the established genetic properties of Chi.
Somatic cell genetic analysis of the interferon system : (interferon genetics, interferon receptors , cell hybrids )
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1981) Slate, Doris L.; Ruddle, Frank H.; Stadler Genetics Symposium (13th : 1981 : Columbia, Missouri)
The interferon system is amenable to somatic cell genetic analysis since the genes governing the synthesis of interferon and the cellular responses to interferon can be expressed in tissue culture cells. Limited species specificity exists in the interferon system, allowing interspecific hybrid cells to be used in mapping genes involved in interferon production and mechanism of action. The synthesis of interferon and the attainment of the antiviral state following interferon treatment are separate genetic functions, governed by genes on different chromosomes. Three different human chromosomes have been implicated in the production of human fibroblast interferon based on studies using interspecific somatic cell hybrids. The recent cloning of multiple interferon gene sequences will provide probes for further gene mapping. Genes governing sensitivity of cells to interferon have been mapped to human chromosome 21 and mouse chromosome 16. When human/mouse somatic cell hybrids are injected into mice of the same strain as the murine parent of the hybrid, antibodies directed against cell surface components coded by the retained human chromosomes are produced. Antibodies raised against human chromosome 21-coded cell surface determinants can block human interferon action on human fibroblasts, presumably by blocking a human interferon receptor. Monoclonal antibodies against this receptor can be produced and used to study the role of receptors in interferon action.
Arrangement and rearrangement of the bacterial chromosome : (chromosome rearrangements, transposable elements)
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1981) Roth, John R.; Schmid, Molly B.; Stadler Genetics Symposium (13th : 1981 : Columbia, Missouri)
Several lines of evidence suggest that the arrangement of genes in the bacterial chromosome may have selective importance. To investigate the significance of chromosomal gene order and the effect of position on gene expression, we have developed ways of constructing and analyzing large chromosomal rearrangements. These rearrangements include translocations, duplications, and inversions. Several of these rearrangements have deleterious effects on cell growth which are not due to disruption of a gene. Preliminary results suggest that the need to maintain appropriate dosage of particular chromosomal regions may be an important selective force for conservation of gene order. It is not yet clear whether a particular genome arrangement is essential for folding of the bacterial chromosome or expression of particular bacterial genes.
Characteristics of cms-S reveversion to male fertility in maize : (cytoplasmic male sterility, male fertility restoration S-type cytoplasm, mitochondrial DNA)
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1981) Laughnan, John R.; Gabay-Laughnan, Susan; Carlson, John E.; Stadler Genetics Symposium (13th : 1981 : Columbia, Missouri)
The association of cytoplasmic reversion of cms-S male-sterile strains to male fertility with disappearance of the S1 and S2 mtDNA plasmids as discrete molecules has been established for all 23 cytoplasmic revertant strains that have been studied so far. This correspondence between mutational step and molecular event provides the first unequivocal evidence that the genetic determination of cms-S male-sterility; male-fertility expression is located in mtDNA. When cytoplasmic reversion of cms-S strains to the male-fertile condition occurs, at least some, perhaps all, of the S1 and S2 plasmid sequences are transposed and integrated into the main high molecular weight mitochondrial DNA. These findings are consistent with the model proposed earlier for cytoplasmic reversion that connected it with "fixation" at the cytoplasmic level of an episomal fertility element carried by reversion-prone cms-S strains. Whether a corresponding transposition and integration of S1 and/or S2 mtDNA sequences into nuclear chromosomes is involved in the nuclear reversions, as called for by the model, is uncertain. If such a correlation were established it would provide the first example in higher plants of inter-organellar transposition of a naturally occurring genetic element. The S1 and S2 mtDNA plasmids, like the IS elements of bacterial transposons, have terminal inverted repeat sequences that probably equip them for integration into high molecular weight genomes. The possibilities for use of S1 and S2, and other mtDNA plasmids that have been identified in maize, as vehicles in interorganellar gene transfer are discussed briefly.

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