Hate By Numbers: Exploring Hate Crime Reporting Across Crime Type And Among Special Interest Groups Using The NCVS
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Abstract
Hate crimes are of particular harm to both individual victims and the communities they represent but are difficult to measure due to challenges facing data collection and reporting to police. The National Crime Victimization Survey, or NCVS, is an important tool for gathering data regarding crime and victimization both reported and not reported to police. This research utilizes data collected by the NCVS from 2016-2020 from a nationally representative sample of households to compare reporting of hate crime victimizations versus non-hate crime victimizations, including among violent crime types, as well as exploring differences across reporting for hate and non-hate crimes across respondent identities for veterans, disability status, citizenship, sexual orientation, and gender identity. This research, utilizing the Bureau of Justice Department’s definition of hate crime, found no significant difference in reporting hate crimes to police for the unweighted data, and a significant difference for the weighted data, with hate crime victims being more likely to report to police. No significant difference was found in reporting hate crimes compared to non-hate crimes across violent crime types, except for robbery hate crime in the weighted data set, which was less likely to be reported than non-hate crime robberies. Differences in reasons for not reporting hate crime were compared to non-hate crime. Hate crime victims appear more likely to cite reporting to another official. Additionally, both groups of victims cited the belief the police would think the crime was not important as one of their top four most important reasons for not reporting. Among special interest groups, the most significant findings involved veterans being less likely to experience hate crime, but more likely to report it; non-citizens were more likely to experience hate crime victimization when comparing violent crime; disabled persons were more likely to experience a hate crime but less likely to report to police; lesbian, gay, and bisexual persons were more likely to experience hate crime, but less likely to report when comparing violent crime; and transgender persons were also more likely to experience hate crime victimizations. Comparisons to prior research, limitations, and further research implications were explored.
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Introduction -- Literature review -- Methodology -- Results -- Discussion
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M.S. (Master of Science)