Application of electromagnetic scattering reduction techniques for small unmanned aerial vehicles
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This thesis focuses on the development and application of electromagnetic scattering reduction techniques, designs, and materials to small, relatively low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The application of electromagnetic scattering reduction methodologies to small UAVs poses a unique challenge over aircraft not designed for this purpose due to the size, cost, and weight constraints associated with these types of UAV systems. In order to develop operational UAVs with desirable electromagnetic scattering reduction qualities, an understanding of how an UAV interacts with electromagnetic waves that originate from a radio-frequency (RF) source is necessary. Armed with this knowledge, correlations can be drawn between the RF source and the electromagnetic scattering produced by the components commonly used inside of the UAV system in question. To best execute upon this goal, an electromagnetic scattering measurement setup must be assembled to collect the relevant information from the UAV of interest. This experimental measurement setup consists of a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to produce, transmit and receive an electromagnetic wave of a predefined frequency, a computer-controlled turntable and support structure. When this equipment is used in conjunction, the electromagnetic scattering response of a particular UAV can be measured at multiple incident angles, studied, and reduction techniques may be applied to reduce the baseline measurement. Once the electromagnetic scattering data has been collected from the UAV of choice, the results are broken down and the components that produce the largest magnitude of electromagnetic scattering returns are identified. In addition, the effects of different shapes on the electromagnetic scattering response are simulated to rapidly iterate upon novel designs. Each of the modified airframes are compared to the baseline measurements to evaluate the effectiveness of the electromagnetic scattering reduction techniques. The work described in this thesis advances the understanding of what electromagnetic scattering reduction modifications can be done to small UAVs without substantially undermining the performance or mission of the aircraft. Additionally, this document provides an insight on how to design a custom UAV to manage its own electromagnetic scattering signature without the utilization of exotic and expensive materials. The remainder of this thesis will be submitted to the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)
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M.S. (Master of Science)