Calibration of Nortek Signature 1000 echosounder for bubble measurement in controlled laboratory conditions
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This thesis presents a laboratory-based calibration and validation of the Nortek Signature 1000 echosounder for measuring bubble Target Strength (TS) in freshwater environments. Calibration was performed using Tungsten Carbide (WC) spheres with known acoustic properties to determine system gain, applying theoretical models and sonar equation-based corrections for attenuation and background noise. A controlled experiment was developed to release discrete air bubbles, which were captured using a high-speed shadow imaging system. By synchronizing the optical and acoustic measurements, bubble diameters were directly compared with corresponding acoustic TS values. Results showed a consistent relationship between bubble size and acoustic backscatter intensity measured by the echosounder, with strong agreement against optical validation in the 4–6 mm diameter range. The findings demonstrate that, with proper calibration, the Nortek Signature 1000 can effectively estimate bubble TS. This approach provides a useful method for improving acoustic measurements of gas bubbles in both laboratory and field studies.
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M.S.