Fatigue growth of surface flaws in finite plates
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"The most commonly observed structural defect is the surface crack. The primary difficulty in analyzing the growth of surface cracks is the stress intensity factor which varies from point to point along the crack due to crack front curvature and the complex local geometry. The study of surface cracks started in 1950, where Green and Sneddon [1] characterized the distribution of stress in the neighborhood of a flat elliptical crack in an elastic solid. The first surface crack experiments to be reported were conducted independently at the Naval Research Laboratory [2], and at Douglas Aircraft Company [3] in 1960. In 1962 a technique for making shallow cracks in sheet metals was performed by Yen and Pendleberry [4]. The analysis of surface crack data according to fracture mechanics principles was made possible by Irwin [5] in the same year. Paris and Sih [6] in 1964, attempted to improve the applicability of Irwin's estimate of the stress intensity factor for plates of finite thickness by means of analogies to existing two dimensional solutions. Randall [7] in 1966 studied the effect of crack size and shape on apparent plane strain fracture toughness values. He also used crack opening displacement measurements as qualitative indicators of crack tip deformation phenomena. F. W. Smith [8] in this year investigated the problem of a semi circular surface crack by the finite difference numerical method. Ayres [9] applied a finite difference elastoplastic solution to one semi-elliptical surface crack geometry in 1968."--Introduction.
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