Environment affects performance, fruit yields, and fruit chemistry of diverse american elderberry genotypes
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The production and consumption of American elderberry (Sambucus nigra subsp. canadensis) is increasing rapidly due to its health benefits and diverse array of value- added products. While production continues to increase, American Elderberry as a crop remains in the early stages of development. Identification of genotypes suitable for a range of hardiness zones is called for. The outcomes of this research will allow growers to plant genotypes that will have a high likelihood to perform at a high level in their geographic area. A genotype by environment study, that included 12 American elderberry genotypes originating from eight states, was established in the Spring of 2022. The study spans five environments located in Poteau, Oklahoma; Mt. Vernon, Missouri; New Franklin, Missouri; Champaign, Illinois; and Spring Green, Wisconsin. The dependent variables included plant growth, nutrient tissue testing, disease and pest incidence, phenology, fruit yield, and fruit quality. Significant differences were observed in most horticultural variables. Suitability analyses were completed to identify healthy, high yielding, and high anthocyanin genotypes at the differing locations. The most suitable genotypes for fruit production were identifies as 'Pocahontas', 'Cherokee', 'Ranch', and 'Hamilton'. The information gained from this study will help inform growers' planting decisions depending on their environment. The identified edaphoclimatic differences between environments can help distinguish if characteristics are genetically or environmentally controlled, which will aid in furthering breeding efforts. Tissue nutrient sufficiency status designation levels were developed with the tissue nutrient tests. These designation levels will aid producers in interpreting American elderberry foliar analysis results and to determine subsequent fertilization needs.
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M.S.