Simulation and optimization of a hydrogen plant with ASPEN PLUS
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"The production of hydrogen gases by reacting hydrocarbons with steam in the presence of catalyst has been an established process since the 1930s. Much of the early development work was done by ICI. The first ICI reforming plant was commissioned in 1936. It operated at atmospheric pressure with feedstock of saturated hydrocarbons ranging from methane to butane. Before the discovery of natural gas in Northern Europe, however, the supply of low molecular weight hydrocarbon feedstock was very limited. The reforming process was extended in 1954 to include high pressure hydrogenation of heavy hydrocarbons, coal and cresote. The synthetic petrol product from the new sources was called hydropetrol. The next development was a process to reform light naphtha, a distillate similar in many ways to hydropetrol. Naphtha became available as a raw material for making hydrogen for an increasing number of petroleum refineries in the world. Technical problems of removing of sulfur from the feedstocks and development of new catalysts able to reform these higher hydrocarbons without forming carbon, were solved. In 1959 ICI started the first naphtha-steam reforming plant. Each stage of the development of the reforming process represented an increase in severity of operating conditions for the catalyst, i.e. higher pressure, higher temperature, and higher molecular weight feedstocks. So, in fact, each stage also represented some improvement in the catalyst."--Introduction.
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