Evaluation of single layered graded gravel as a protective filter on embankment slopes
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Abstract
A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of using a random graded single layer of gravel as a protective filter against embankment erosion due to seepage. This evaluation was based on the observation of movement of particles from a fine sand layer into filters with considerable variation in gradation. Also varied were the quantity and direction of flow. Forty one tests gave over six hundred individual penetration depths. These tests indicated that an increased thickness of filter layer can be used to replace fineness of gradation. Correlation between penetration depths for all gradations was obtained using an approximated average hydraulic radius for each filter. The data on penetation patterns and relationships between penetration depth and average hydraulic radius should be helpful in the design of a random graded single layer protective filter.
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Missouri Water Center under the Grant/Cooperative Agreement.
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Geological Survey or Missouri Water Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or Missouri Water Center.
This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Missouri Water Center under the Grant/Cooperative Agreement.
The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the opinions or policies of the U.S. Geological Survey or Missouri Water Center. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute their endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey or Missouri Water Center.