Engineering sustainable and cost-effective perovskite alternatives for advanced optoelectronic devices
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[EMBARGOED UNTIL 08/01/2026] Over the past decade, the surge in global energy consumption driven by lighting technologies has fueled the need for innovative electroluminescent materials that are both energy-efficient and exhibit exceptional emission properties. In response, metal halide perovskites (MHPs) have emerged as promising semiconductors due to their remarkable optical and electronic characteristics, offering the potential to revolutionize modern optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), by providing more cost-effective and efficient solutions. These low-cost, solution-processed materials exhibit pure-color electroluminescence, making them invaluable for next-generation display and lighting technologies. Despite recent advancements in the efficiency of perovskite-based LEDs, significant challenges remain in addressing the environmental and health concerns associated with the lead content in these materials, as well as their long-term stability under environmental conditions. Leveraging the diverse structures and elemental compositions within the perovskite family, researchers have developed various perovskite forms that aim to mitigate these limitations. This research focuses on the experimental development of lead- free and highly stable MHPs for white LEDs (WLEDs) through the use of low-cost, solution-based methods, including the hot-injection and precipitation techniques. Our work demonstrates that doping CsPbBr₃ with up to 50% Zn(SCN)₂ via the hot-injection method significantly enhances stability and photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), although the presence of lead remains a concern due to its toxicity. To address this, we synthesized CsZn(SCN)3 by completely replacing PbBr2 with Zn(SCN)₂, resulting in improved stability, though the PLQY was reduced. In an effort to overcome the limitations of lead-free alternatives, we synthesized double perovskite (DP) microcrystals, including CsAgBiCl₆ doped with Na, Bi, and Y, using precipitation and hydrothermal methods. This DP structure achieved an impressive PLQY of approximately 95%, marking a significant improvement in luminescence. Further exploration led to the synthesis of Cs₂ZrCl₆ using precipitation and hydrothermal techniques, a material with unique properties, including tunable emission wavelengths. The synthesis of these lead-free and environmentally friendly perovskites not only addresses the toxicity issues but also offers stability and tunability, providing a pathway towards more sustainable and efficient lighting technologies, such as LEDs and solar cells. This research opens new avenues for the development of cost-effective, environmentally responsible, and stable perovskite materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices.
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