Day-level associations between protective behavioral strategies and alcohol consequences in college and non-college contexts
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[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/01/2026] Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) are used to reduce negative consequences of drinking. However, studies have found inconsistent relationships between PBS and alcohol outcomes at the between-person level, perhaps due to between-person differences in drinking contexts. This secondary analysis examined within-person, day-level associations between PBS and alcohol-related consequences among young adults both in and out of college. Young adults (N=153) at high risk for consequences completed ~30 days of morning reports assessing drinking quantity, PBS, and consequences the previous day. Day-level associations between PBS use and likelihood of consequences were tested using multilevel logistic regression, with college student status as a moderator. Within-persons, participants reported lower likelihood of consequences on days they used manner-of-drinking (but not limiting/stopping) strategies, regardless of college status. Between-persons, manner-of-drinking strategies were not linked to consequences, and college status moderated associations for limiting/stopping strategies such that college students who frequently used limiting/stopping strategies reported more consequences than college students who did not. Manner-of-drinking strategies are effective in reducing same-day alcohol-related harm across college and non-college contexts. We speculate that young adults implement limiting/stopping strategies differently in college and non-college settings.
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M.A.