Do inhaled steroids increase the risk of osteoporosis?
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The use of inhaled corticosteroids at conventional doses for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) does not appear to be associated with significant bone loss at 2 to 3 years of follow-up (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). However, higher doses of inhaled corticosteroids may be associated with negative bone density changes at up to 4 years of follow-up (SOR: C, RCTs without change in fracture rates). No evidence exists to evaluate whether nasal steroids increase the risks of bone loss. Longer-term effects of prolonged use of inhaled steroids on BMD or fracture risk are undetermined with current evidence.
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