A monograph of the lupinus ornatus complex
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"The genus Lupinus is one of the most perplexing and complex taxa known. In addition to the occurence of active speciation, causing multitudes of variants, turmoil has been added by the lack of understanding of various authors who have described and assigned numerous names to the taxa. Failure to list the location of the specimens collected, elevation, date, habitat, and collector’s number are among the examples of inadequate collection of data that have also contributed to the confusion. It is believed that the study of Lupinus can best be achieved by monographical treatments of groups of related taxa within the genus. The present study concei*ns the related members of the complex whose vegetative structures consist primarily of basal rosettes of long petioled leaves (10-20 cm), whose reproductive structures consist of glabrous, obovate to orbicular banners, and keels that are ciliated above near the acumen. The major portion of the "Lupinus ornatus complex” occupies portions of the Rocky Mountain region; however, some members do range through the Great Basin, in mountainous regions to the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada and the Cascade Mountains. Generally these taxa tend to avoid environmental extremes. They are related to the L. lepidus complex of the Cascade and Sierra Nevada Mountains, which have smaller flowers and elliptic to oval banners and the long pctioled basal leaves. The primary purpose of this monographical study is to gain a be tter understanding of the "L. ornatus complex" by utilization of borrowed herb arium specimens, supplemented by extensive fieldwork. Many of the habitats of these taxa were visited for study of the general ecology and geography, as well as the collection of soil samples, pollinators and pollen. The most distinctive taxa are defined and interpreted. There are still several anomalous allied taxa, which might represent hybrid swarms, which could not be resolved in the time available. Limited breeding studies were also attempted between this complex and the Lupinus amplus - L. bakeri complex near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in central Colorado. Due to a late freeze during the summer of 1968 this study had to be abandoned (Cox, 1968). However, breeding studies will be attempted again in the near future."--Introduction.
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M.A.