Assessment of biomarker production by osteoarthritic osteochondral tissues and correlation to the biomechanical, biochemical, and histological properties
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Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and is a significant cause of pain and disability worldwide. Treatment options available are only capable of controlling symptoms until progression to end-stage OA and qualifications for total knee replacement are met. To this regard, there is a strong need for the development of diagnostic tools and therapeutic interventions targeting earlier stages before irreversible damage occurs. It is generally accepted that changes in the structural orientation, biochemical parameters, and biomechanical properties together with inflammation are the main contributors to the development and progression of OA. Early stages of OA are characterized by alterations in the microscopic structure and microenvironment of the cartilage progressing to irreversible macroscopic tissue damage. Paralleling and in response to these changes, chondrocytes become activated, increasing the production of proteins involved in the degradation and synthesis of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and those involved in inflammation, which could serve as relevant biomarkers.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.