DotB : Legionella pneumophila's Dot/Icm Type IV Secretion System's AAA+ motor
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The Gram-negative bacteria Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of a severe form of pneumonia known as Legionnaire's Disease. Legionella utilizes its Defect in organelle trafficking/Intracellular multiplication Type IV Secretion System (Dot/Icm T4SS) to secrete over 300 effector proteins into the cytoplasm of alveolar macrophages for infection. The Dot/Icm T4SS has a Type IV Coupling Complex (T4CC) which has been identified to help recruit effector proteins for translocation during infection. However, not all effector proteins are translocated by the T4CC. DotB is a cytosolic ATPase from the pathogenic Legionella pneumophila and is suggested to mediate translocation of specific effector proteins during infection. DotB is a member of the ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA+) protein family. Characterization of DotB thus far has revealed its ability to form a complex with other T4SS-components and to function as an ATPase that plays a role with translocation. However, much remains unknown about the function of DotB. Earlier studies suggest that DotB may not only function to translocate proteins but can also help mediate other processes such as plasmid transfer and cytotoxicity. Thus, there is a need to further study and understand what proteins DotB can translocate. This review gives insight into the functions DotB may have within Legionella and suggests experimental approaches to further characterize DotB's role in the translocation of effector proteins.
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M.S.