"I was looking for answers" : identity gaps in transracial adoptees after direct-to-consumer DNA testing
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[EMBARGOED UNTIL 12/01/2026] Using the communication theory of identity and critical interpersonal and family communication as frameworks, this project explored the identity experiences of adult transracial adoptees (TRAs) who have taken a direct-to-consumer (DTC) DNA test. Transracial adoption--often involving White parents and children of color--creates a visible difference between parents and children which can create unique difficulties in identity development and belonging. To navigate these challenges, adoptees turn to DTC DNA testing to learn about their genetic background. However, there is little research within family communication about how DTC DNA testing influences TRAs identity. Therefore, twenty one adults TRAs who have taken a DTC DNA test were interviewed. The first research question explored motivations for taking a DTC DNA test and included two themes: personal motivations and relational motivations. The second research question examined how DTC DNA test results impacted TRAs identity gaps and included four themes: more than American, mom and dad, speaking the language, and phenotypic enactment. The final research question investigated how TRAs managed identity gaps that were brought about or highlighted by the DTC DNA test experience and included three themes: taking pride, adoptee community involvement, and boundary setting. This project contributes to family communication research as well and adoption and identity theorizing. Implications of this study expand understanding of the interdependent nature of identity layers, especially the enacted layer, as well as highlight the need to decenter the standard North American family in family communication research. Practically, findings offer guidance to TRAs considering taking a DTC DNA test, parents of TRAs, and members of the genetic testing industry.
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Ph. D.