City,Country,area ,human popn density,human popn size,Duration of checklist,Methodology,Source /citation,Taxonomic authority,other Zurich,Switzerland,87.88 km2,4700/km2,"409,241 (in 2017)",2007,"We applied the point count method in the early morning (Bibby et al. 2000 ) to record birds at the same sampling points as the arthropods. Each of the 96 points was visited six times between 15 April and 13 June 2007 (corresponding to the breeding season), and bird species were surveyed visually and acoustically within a radius of 50 m for 15 min (=90 min per sampling point; 144 h overall). The observer stayed on the central point for the initial 10 min and checked hidden areas, such as behind buildings in the last 5 min. Since the time of day affects bird activity, which in turn affects detection probability, the order of sampling points was alternated between the start (one hour before sunrise) and end (usually four hours after sunrise) of each tour. When counting birds, we took special care that individuals were counted once only. Birds flying overhead were counted only when they showed connection to the ground environment (i.e., searching for food). Abundance for each species and sampling point was defined as the maximum number of individuals present during any of the six visits.","Sattler T, et al. 2010 Spider, bee, and bird communities in cities are shaped by environmental control and high stochasticity. Ecology 91, 3343-3353.",,