Browsing by Author/Contributor "Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek)"
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Addressing Micronutrient Deficiencies : Alternative Interventions and Technologies
Unnevehr, Laurian; Paarlberg, Robert L.; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek) (AgBioForum, 2007)Market failure for nutritional attributes of foods leads to underinvestment in crop breeding to enhance nutritional content of foods. As awareness of the importance of micronutrient deficiencies in the diets of poor people ... -
Balancing Agricultural Development Resources : Are GM and Organic Agriculture in Opposition in Africa?
Novy, Ari; Ledermann, Samuel; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Nagarajan, Latha (AgBioForum, 2011)Organic agriculture has been promoted vigorously by many civil and donor organizations engaged in agricultural development in Africa. Certified organic products are grown in more than half of African countries, targeted ... -
Biofortification for China : Political Responses to Food Fortification and GM Technology, Interest Groups, and Possible Strategies
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Huang, Jikun (AgBioForum, 2007)Despite making enormous strides in reducing poverty, hunger, and malnutrition, China still has large numbers of people who do not consume sufficient micronutrients such as iron, zinc and Vitamin A. To meet this need, ... -
Bt Cotton Benefits, Costs, and Impacts in China
Huang, Jikun; Hu, Ruifa; Fan, Cuihui; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Rozelle, Scott (AgBioForum, 2002)The overall goal of this research is to reexamine findings of earlier efforts that analyzed the effect of Bt cotton adoption in 1999 with two follow-up surveys conducted in 2000 and 2001. Our survey data on yields and ... -
The Distribution of Benefits from Bt Cotton Adoption in South Africa
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Schimmelpfennig, David; Gouse, Marnus (AgBioForum, 2004)Technology adoption can create income benefits for large and small-scale producers, input suppliers and consumers in developing countries. The circumstances under which this income creation can take place are shown to ... -
Innovation and Dynamic Efficiency in Agricultural Biotechnology
Oehmke, James F.; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Naseem, Anwar (AgBioForum, 2005)Innovation is the key to firm survival and growth in many industries, but nowhere more so than in agricultural biotechnology. Understanding the causes and consequences of biotechnology innovation requires negotiating a ... -
Innovation and Dynamic Efficiency in Plant Biotechnology : An Introduction to the Researchable Issues
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Oehmke, James F.; Naseem, Anwar (AgBioForum, 2005)The agricultural biotechnology industry is characterized by heavy investment in research and development, dynamic technical change, and increasing concentration in both the output market and the ownership of intellectual ... -
An Innovation Market Approach to Analyzing Impacts of Mergers and Acquisitions in the Plant Biotechnology Industry
Oehmke, James F.; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Naseem, Anwar (AgBioForum, 2005)This paper provides some insights into the impacts of firm concentration on research output by analyzing data on research output in the form of United States patents and field trials by private firms and merger activity ... -
Intellectual Property Rights on Research Tools : Incentives or Barriers to Innovation? Case Studies of Rice Genomics and Plant Transformation Technologies
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Naseem, Anwar (AgBioForum, 2005)This paper examines the role of patents in the development and use of two platform technologies for plant biotechnology -- plant transformation techniques and structural genomics. We find that patents were important in ... -
Patterns of Political Response to Biofortified Varieties of Crops Produced with Different Breeding Techniques and Agronomic Traits
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Paarlberg, Robert L.; Unnevehr, Laurian (AgBioForum, 2007)This article first examines the political response to two crops that were nutritionally enhanced through conventional breeding -- Quality Protein Maize (QPM) and orange-fleshed sweet potatoes. In the next section, the ... -
Patterns of Political Support and Pathways to Final Impact
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Unnevehr, Laurian; Juma, Calestous; Paarlberg, Robert L. (AgBioForum, 2007)A hypothetical scheme is offered for predicting which biofortified food technologies will enjoy greatest political support or opposition and from which actors on the political landscape. Beyond political support, benefits ... -
Political Actors on the Landscape
Paarlberg, Robert L.; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek) (AgBioForum, 2007)The introduction of novel foods and crops into the developing world triggers different reactions from different political actors. Quite often, the patterns of response in developing countries run parallel to policy debates ... -
Price controls and biotechnology innovation : are state government policies reducing research and innovation by the ag biotech industry in India?
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Nagarajan, Latha (AgBioForum, 2010)In 2006, the governments of major cotton-producing states in India ordered all seed companies to lower their prices of Bt cotton seed to Rs. 750 per packet of seed, down from Rs. 1,600 per packet. Although biotech firms ... -
Private Sector Innovation in Biofuels in the United States : Induced by Prices or Policies?
Karmarkar-Deshmukh, Rupa; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek) (AgBioForum, 2009)It has been shown in recent years that high energy prices induce investments in energy research. $100/barrel oil, strategic concerns, concerns about global warming, and pork-barrel politics have also rekindled the enthusiasm ... -
Public and Private Collaboration on Plant Biotechnology in China
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek) (AgBioForum, 1999)Public private collaboration in plant biotechnology is unusual in China because the private sector plays a very small role in the Chinese agricultural input industry. There are few public private collaborations and also ... -
Role of Biotechnology in Stimulating Agribusiness R&D Investment in India
Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Nagarajan, Latha (University of Missouri, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, 2013)Biotechnology influenced Indian R&D through three channels: Bt cotton seed sales increased seed companies' income, providing them with money to invest in R&D and increasing their expectation for future profits from R&D; ... -
Three Seasons of Subsistence Insect-Resistant Maize in South Africa : Have Smallholders Benefited?
Gouse, Marnus; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek); Schimmelpfennig, David; Kirsten, Johann (AgBioForum, 2006)White maize is the staple food of the majority of the South African population. We examine if smallholder farmers that adopted insect-resistant (Bt) varieties of white maize benefited from planting Bt over the last three ... -
Vittorio Santaniello : Founder of the International Consortium on Agricultural Biotechnology Research (ICABR)
Scandizzo, Pasquale L.; Zilberman, David, 1947-; Pray, Carl E. (Carl Esek) (AgBioForum, 2009)Vittorio Santaniello was a conscientious student, and, at the same time, a great believer in the importance of the practice of "student life," a mixture of bohemian attitudes and worldly behavior. This made Vittorio an ...