bottomland forest sites in southeastern Missouri. The mid- and understory removal treatment increased the amount of photosynthetically active radiation reaching the understory from 3 percent of full sunlight to 16 percent of full sunlight. This increase...

survival and growth rates of planted shortleaf pine relative to artificial and natural hardwoods, identify barriers to regeneration success, and develop tools for individual tree assessment. Data from three long-term studies in southeastern Missouri were...

bottomland agricultural fields. These afforestation practices most often consist of planting bare-root tree seedlings of a select number of hardmast species and managing vegetation with a number of pre- and postemergent herbicides, or planting a perennial...