Despite the advancement of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the development of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) remains a major concern among HIV infected patients. As many ART drugs may fail to penetrate the ...

Injection drug use is one of the greatest risk factors associated with contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and drug abusers infected with HIV suffer from a higher viral load and rapid pathogenesis. Replication ...

The frequent use of drugs of abuse among HIV infected individuals is a major concern. Drugs of abuse, such as opiates, have been widely associated with enhanc ing HIV replication, accelerating disease progression, and ...