The “transaction cost” theory of the firm introduced by Coase (1937) has become a standard framework for the study of institutional arrangements. The Coasian framework helps explain not only the existence of the firm, ...

This chapter reviews and discusses rational-choice approaches to organizational governance. These approaches are found primarily in organizational economics (virtually no rational-choice organizational sociology exists), ...

This article reviews the advances in neoclassical, coalition-game theoretic, and new institutional-nexus of contracts applications of economic theory to agricultural cooperative literature published in English language ...

Since its emergence in the 1970s the modern economic or Coasian theory of the firm has been discussed and challenged by sociologists, heterodox economists, management scholars, and other critics. This chapter reviews and ...

We defend a version of left-libertarianism, and discuss some of its implications for global justice (and economic justice among nations in particular). Like the better known right-libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds ...

While compensation accounts for roughly 90 percent of K-12 instructional costs, there is little evidence of rational design in these systems. This chapter reviews the nature of teacher compensation systems in developed ...

In general, I shall focus on justice as what we morally owe each other. I shall therefore briefly elaborate on this concept of justice. As long as rights are understood very broadly as—perhaps pro tanto and highly ...

Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), along with John Rawls's A Theory of Justice (1971), radically changed the landscape in analytic political philosophy. For much of the preceding half-century, under the ...

In recent years, interest in desert-based theories of justice has increased, and this seems to represent a challenge to equality- based theories of justice. The best distribution of outcome-advantage with respect to desert, ...

This is the third volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses the question of who (animals, ...

We here discuss and assess various libertarian positions on intergenerational justice. We do not attempt to defend libertarianism. Instead, we work out the most plausible version thereof and identify its implications for ...

I present a critical survey of Sen's work, and related work by others, on certain distribution-sensitive principles of justice. More specifically, I discuss three kinds of such principles: (1) sufficientarian principles, ...

I shall formulate and motivate a left- libertarian theory of justice. Like the more familiar right-libertarianism, it holds that agents initially fully own themselves. Unlike right-libertarianism, it holds that natural ...

Maximizing act consequentialism holds that actions are morally permissible if and only if they maximize the value of consequences—if and only if, that is, no alternative action in the given choice situation has more valuable ...

The difference principle, introduced by Rawls (1971, 1993), is generally interpreted as leximin, but this is not how he intended it. Rawls explicitly states that the difference principle requires that aggregate benefits ...

Peter Vallentyne answers five questions posed by the editor of the text on the nature of political philosophy.

Libertarianism holds that agents initially fully own themselves. Lockean libertarianism further holds that agents have the moral power to acquire private property in external things as long as a Lockean Proviso—requiring ...

I address an issue that arises for rights theories that recognize rights to compensation for rights-intrusions. Do individuals who never pose any risk of harm to others have a right, against a rights-intruder, to full ...

This article comprises the author's answers to five questions on Normative Ethics posed by the editors of the collection.

Where there is a fixed population (i.e., who exists does not depend on what choice an agent makes), the deontic version of anonymous Paretian egalitarianism holds that an option is just if and only if (1) it is anonymously ...