The biomedical model limits the role of the physician to the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. It fails when applied to patients whose symptoms cannot be reduced to physiochemical terms or “cured” by technological means. ...

What is the essence of clinical caring, how can its value be determined, and what are its origins? Caring for a patient is a bit like loving someone. In both cases, the wellbeing of the person who is loved or the patient ...

Two concepts helped and hindered clinicians throughout the 20th Century: 1) the most important and legitimate use of physicians' time is in the diagnosis and cure of disease; and 2) patients are cured of illness through ...

I address an issue that arises for rights theories that recognize rights to compensation for rights-intrusions. Do individuals who never pose any risk of harm to others have a right, against a rights-intruder, to full ...

This article comprises the author's answers to five questions on Normative Ethics posed by the editors of the collection.

Maximizing act consequentialism holds that actions are morally permissible if and only if they maximize the value of consequences—if and only if, that is, no alternative action in the given choice situation has more valuable ...

The difference principle, introduced by Rawls (1971, 1993), is generally interpreted as leximin, but this is not how he intended it. Rawls explicitly states that the difference principle requires that aggregate benefits ...

This is the sixth volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses two issues: (1) desert-based ...

This is the second volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses the question of whether justice ...

This is the first volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses the following three (only loosely ...

This is the fourth volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume and the second part of Volume 5: Social ...

This is the fifth volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses two issues: (1) contractarian ...

Where there is a fixed population (i.e., who exists does not depend on what choice an agent makes), the deontic version of anonymous Paretian egalitarianism holds that an option is just if and only if (1) it is anonymously ...

The three main general approaches to moral theory are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue theory. I shall describe and assess consequentialism. First, however, I shall make a few background remarks on morality.

Peter Vallentyne answers five questions posed by the editor of the text on the nature of political philosophy.

Libertarianism holds that agents initially fully own themselves. Lockean libertarianism further holds that agents have the moral power to acquire private property in external things as long as a Lockean Proviso—requiring ...

Frederich August von Hayek is undoubtedly the most eminent of the modern Austrian economists. Student of Friedrich von Wieser, protégé and colleague of Ludwig von Mises, and foremost representative of an outstanding ...

This chapter reviews and discusses rational-choice approaches to organizational governance. These approaches are found primarily in organizational economics (virtually no rational-choice organizational sociology exists), ...

The “transaction cost” theory of the firm introduced by Coase (1937) has become a standard framework for the study of institutional arrangements. The Coasian framework helps explain not only the existence of the firm, ...

This article reviews the advances in neoclassical, coalition-game theoretic, and new institutional-nexus of contracts applications of economic theory to agricultural cooperative literature published in English language ...