Since the end of World War II an increasing number of social movements have claimed that they are practicing nonviolent civil disobedience tactics. Too often these claims are uncritically accepted even when proposed by ...

Frederich August von Hayek is undoubtedly the most eminent of the modern Austrian economists. Student of Friedrich von Wieser, protégé and colleague of Ludwig von Mises, and foremost representative of an outstanding ...

This chapter surveys the new institutional economics, a rapidly growing literature combining economics, law, organization theory, political science, sociology and anthropology to understand social, political and commercial ...

The primary objective of this paper is to synthesize and summarize organizational issues and challenges facing U.S. agricultural cooperatives as they analyze their strategic options in preparing to meet the needs of their ...

Since its emergence in the 1970s the modern economic or Coasian theory of the firm has been discussed and challenged by sociologists, heterodox economists, management scholars, and other critics. This chapter reviews and ...

The “transaction cost” theory of the firm introduced by Coase (1937) has become a standard framework for the study of institutional arrangements. The Coasian framework helps explain not only the existence of the firm, ...

This article reviews the advances in neoclassical, coalition-game theoretic, and new institutional-nexus of contracts applications of economic theory to agricultural cooperative literature published in English language ...

This chapter reviews and discusses rational-choice approaches to organizational governance. These approaches are found primarily in organizational economics (virtually no rational-choice organizational sociology exists), ...

Where there is a fixed population (i.e., who exists does not depend on what choice an agent makes), the deontic version of anonymous Paretian egalitarianism holds that an option is just if and only if (1) it is anonymously ...

The three main general approaches to moral theory are consequentialism, deontology, and virtue theory. I shall describe and assess consequentialism. First, however, I shall make a few background remarks on morality.

I present a critical survey of Sen's work, and related work by others, on certain distribution-sensitive principles of justice. More specifically, I discuss three kinds of such principles: (1) sufficientarian principles, ...

I shall formulate and motivate a left- libertarian theory of justice. Like the more familiar right-libertarianism, it holds that agents initially fully own themselves. Unlike right-libertarianism, it holds that natural ...

We here discuss and assess various libertarian positions on intergenerational justice. We do not attempt to defend libertarianism. Instead, we work out the most plausible version thereof and identify its implications for ...

While compensation accounts for roughly 90 percent of K-12 instructional costs, there is little evidence of rational design in these systems. This chapter reviews the nature of teacher compensation systems in developed ...

Robert Nozick's Anarchy, State, and Utopia (1974), along with John Rawls's A Theory of Justice (1971), radically changed the landscape in analytic political philosophy. For much of the preceding half-century, under the ...

In general, I shall focus on justice as what we morally owe each other. I shall therefore briefly elaborate on this concept of justice. As long as rights are understood very broadly as—perhaps pro tanto and highly ...

In recent years, interest in desert-based theories of justice has increased, and this seems to represent a challenge to equality- based theories of justice. The best distribution of outcome-advantage with respect to desert, ...

This is the third volume of Equality and Justice, a six-volume collection of the most important articles of the twentieth century on the topic of justice and equality. This volume addresses the question of who (animals, ...

We defend a version of left-libertarianism, and discuss some of its implications for global justice (and economic justice among nations in particular). Like the better known right-libertarianism, left-libertarianism holds ...

We introduce a generalization of the NTRU cryptosystem and describe its advantages and disadvantages as compared with the original NTRU protocol. This extension helps to avoid the potential problem of finding “enough” ...