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Thiazolidinedione Therapy for Managing Metabolic Syndrome
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
There is no patient-oriented evidence supporting the use of TZD therapy in patients in the general population who have metabolic syndrome. Rosiglitazone (Avandia) use decreases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in ...
Does office spirometry improve quit rates in smokers?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
Simply performing spirometry and offering cessation advice doesn't improve quit rates in patients who smoke (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic review of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). However, when the ...
Do intra-articular steroid injections affect glycemic control in patients with diabetes?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
A single intra-articular steroid injection into the knee produces acute hyperglycemia for 2 or 3 days in patients with diabetes who otherwise have good glucose control (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, small cohort ...
Management of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
AWS may be managed with outpatient therapy if the patient has mild to moderate symptoms. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: B, based on one randomized, prospective trial). The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment Scale for Alcohol, Revised (CIWA...
What's the best way to motivate patients to exercise?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
There is no single best strategy to motivate patients to exercise, given the lack of data from rigorous comparison studies. There are, however, several interventions for adults that are effective. They include: writing a ...
What effect do inhaled steroids have on delaying the progression of COPD?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2004)
The annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1) has been researchers' gold standard as an objective measure for progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) do not consistently...
Combined Oral Contraceptives for Mothers Who Are Breastfeeding
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2005)
that combined oral contraceptives may reduce the volume of breast milk but not affect the growth of infants. [Strength of Recommendation: B, based on inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence]...
What is the best way to diagnose menopause?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2005)
No single test for menopause is highly sensitive and specific. The best predictors that a woman will enter menopause within 4 years include age at least 50 years, amenorrhea for 3 to 11 months, and menstrual cycle irregularity within 12 months...
Prolotherapy: A nontraditional approach to knee osteoarthritis
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2014)
Recommend prolotherapy for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) that does not respond to conventional therapies.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
This issue of eMedRef provides information to clinicians on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Medications for weight loss in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2012)
Fluoxetine (Prozac) and orlistat (Xenical) produce modest short-term weight loss, but their long-term benefits are unclear and their safety is uncertain. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: B, based on a meta-analysis of ...
How do exercise and diet compare for weight loss?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Exercise alone produces short-term weight loss that is comparable with that induced by diet, after which a plateau in weight loss appears to occur (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B). Exercise in combination with diet ...
Rubella in pregnancy
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
This issue of eMedRef provides information to clinicians on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of rubella in pregnancy.
Human parathyroid hormone for treating osteoporosis
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2012)
Human parathyroid hormone should be used in patients with severe osteoporosis to decrease the rate of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a systematic review and randomized ...
Pharmacologic therapy for vitamin D deficiency
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2013)
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) supplementation should be used for vitamin D repletion because it may be more effective in preventing nonvertebral fractures. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: B, based on subgroup analysis ...
What vitamins and minerals should be given to breastfed and bottle-fed infants?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2005)
Breastfed and formula-fed infants should receive intramuscular vitamin K soon after birth to prevent classic hemorrhagic disease of the newborn (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic review of controlled trials). ...
Geriatric dizziness
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2010)
This issue of eMedRef provides information to clinicians on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of dizziness in the elderly.
Improving Medication Adherence in Patients with Comorbidities
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2011)
Interventions that involve pharmacists to review, simplify, and monitor medication use significantly improve adherence in patients with multiple medical conditions. (Strength of Recommendation: B, based on heterogeneous ...
Reducing ACL Injuries in Female Athletes
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2011)
Neuromuscular training programs that include plyometric and strengthening exercises significantly reduce noncontact ACL injuries in female soccer and handball players older than 14 years. (Strength of Recommendation: A, ...
How should you manage an overweight breastfed infant?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2009)
Monitor the growth of exclusively breastfed babies by plotting routine weights and lengths on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curve (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic reviews). Reassure parents ...