Most cattle maintained on pasture receive supplemental feed during some portion of the year. Supplements are commonly fed to grazing cattle when pasture forage quality and quantity are below animal requirements.

Matrix population analysis was used to analyze eight years of demographic data from six American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations in east-central Missouri to examine effects of herbivory by white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimm...