Women on standard estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens frequently have irregular bleeding during the first 12 months of treatment. Therefore, those taking HRT should usually be evaluated after 1 ...

Tight control of hypertension treatment is key in preventing the vascular complications of diabetes. ACE inhibitors appear to have a protective effect that is independent of their antihypertensive effect. Unless there is ...

There is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against an EST for screening asymptomatic individuals of any age. (Grade of Recommendation: C, based on case series.)

Current evidence is insufficient to recommend surgery for symptom relief for patients with obstructive sleep apnea. More convincing evidence exists supporting the use of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) or dental ...

Fourteen-day triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) plus clarithromycin and either amoxicillin or metronidazole is superior to 7-day therapy in eradicating Heliobacter pylori (strength of recommendation [SOR]: ...

Use a short course of oral steroids (prednisone 30-40mg/d for 5 days) for treatment of acute gout when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated. Steroids are also a reasonable choice as first-line ...

For the purposes of this review, we considered conservative measures to include such therapies as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), physical therapy, and acetaminophen with codeine. Amitriptyline is the ...

No single, well-validated screening instrument for clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children exists. That said, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS), a semi-structured interview, ...

Vitamin B6 (50-100 mg/d) and elemental calcium (1200 mg/d) are safe, inexpensive, and moderately effective(grade of recommendation: B). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and some other antidepressants are more effective, but are also...

After surgical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, knee bracing does not significantly protect against injury during recovery or afterwards (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). In ...

Unexplained hypocalcemia can usually be diagnosed by a limited number of serum tests when the cause isn't obvious from the history (recent neck surgery or renal failure): calcium corrected for serum albumin); creatinine; ...

Chasteberry tree and calcium have demonstrated efficacy and safety in treating symptoms of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Pyridoxine and saffron may ...

Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D increase the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), with numbers needed to harm (NNH) over 5 years of 69 to 240 (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, meta-analyses of randomized ...

The annual rate of decline in forced expiratory volume for 1 second (FEV1) has been researchers' gold standard as an objective measure for progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Inhaled corticosteroids ...

Propranolol, valproic acid, and amitriptyline are effective prophylaxis for migraine in children to varying degrees, are widely available, and have a reasonable safety profile (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based ...

Progesterone produces a small but significant decrease in miscarriage among pregnant women with 3 or more unexplained pregnancy losses (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a meta-analysis of 3 small randomized ...

Patients with atypical chest pain and no history of cardiovascular events (coronary artery disease, unstable angina, or history of percutaneous transthoracic coronary angioplasty [PTCA]) and a negative stress echocardiography ...

Patients with steatohepatitis who take HMG Co-A reductase inhibitors (statins) lower their elevated liver enzymes and show evidence of improvement in fatty liver on follow-up imaging (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, ...