With adults, oral theophylline may help lower the dosage of inhaled steroids needed to control chronic asthma. It offers no benefit for acute asthma exacerbations. For children, intravenous aminophylline may improve the ...

For patients whose echocardiograms show advanced calcification of the aortic valves, a jet velocity of > 4.0 m/s, or a progression in jet velocity of 0.3m/s/year; and for patients who have an abnormal exercise response or ...

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), benzodiazepines (BDZs), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective for panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (NNT5 for ...

Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) appears safe, resulting in no clinically relevant adverse effects (strength of recommendation: B, based on nonsystematic reviews, cohort studies, or low-quality randomized ...

Treat patients with hyperlipidemia and presumed nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with atorvastatin to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Stength of recommendation: B: Based on a single prospective randomized controlled ...

Advise patients undergoing hysterectomy for benign conditions that there are benefits to conserving their ovaries. The risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and death is lower in women whose ovaries are conserved, compared ...

Certain antibiotics and using 3 or more antibiotics at one time are associated with Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, 1 heterogeneous systematic review and several ...

Mechanical therapies -- such as taping, tension night splinting, and rigid arch support -- are the most effective treatment for plantar fasciitis (strength of recommendation: A, based on randomized controlled trials). If ...

Yes. In children at high risk for atopy (those with a family history of allergy, asthma, or eczema in at least 1 first-degree relative), breastfeeding or giving hydrolyzed protein formula during the first 4 to 6 months reduces the risk of atopy...

. Revaccination is recommended by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in certain circumstances. (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion based on physiology/bench research). Revaccination once appears to be safe, especially...

Antidepressants, including tricyclics and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), are useful adjuncts in short-term treatment of bipolar depression and have low rates of inducing mania (strength of recommendation ...

Cryotherapy has similar cure rates to topical salicylate (a pharmacologic therapy) for non-genital common warts (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on systemic review of variable quality randomized trials). Duct ...

A shave biopsy with a razor blade or #15 scalpel is the best approach for a facial nevus, assuming malignancy is not suspected. The resulting scar is usually flat, smaller than the lesion, has no suture lines, and -- if ...

Yes. Brushing twice daily with topical fluoride toothpaste decreases the incidence of dental caries in infants and toddlers (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials ...

to select genotypes for dry mass yield during April to September. Experiment (Exp) 1 included 30 genotypes of each of the eight families randomly assigned to each of two microenvironments: artificially shaded with fabric and unshaded. Maximum and minimum...

Interviews with Missouri corn and soybean farmers reveal what farmers consider are important ethical challenges in agriculture. In contrast to the literature, which characterizes ethical challenges in term of philosophical ...

Intra-articular steroid injections appear to provide 2 to 6 weeks of pain relief for patients with knee osteoarthritis (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A). Higher-dose steroids with or without joint lavage can provide ...

Atypical antipsychotics are an effective short-term (6-12 weeks) treatment for aggressive behavior in patients with Alzheimer's disease because they consistently decrease aggression scores (strength of recommendation [SOR]: ...

for 15 minutes from May through September 2002 and 2003. Volunteers observed most of the butterfly species expected in mid-Missouri. In addition to identifying and counting butterflies, they recorded the flowers on which any butterflies landed. Based on a...