Most recent randomized controlled clinical trials have not found a benefit in antioxidants (vitamin C, vitamin E, and/or beta-carotene) for preventing cardiovascular disease, including stroke. These recent clinical studies ...

Healthy women who urinate within 15 minutes of sexual intercourse may be slightly less likely to develop a urinary tract infection (UTI) than women who do not urinate afterward (grade of recommendation: D, extrapolation ...

No randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have addressed the independent role of sodium restriction in the morbidity or mortality of congestive heart failure. However, current guidelines recommend sodium restriction for ...

Antioxidant supplements of vitamins E and C do not reduce cardiovascular death in people with coronary artery disease. Vitamin E supplementation, in a variety of doses, does not decrease the incidence of cardiovascular or ...

Gastric bypass results in weight loss of approximately 33% at 2 years and 25% at 8 years (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on a cohort study). Gastric bypass is one type of bariatric surgery, which also includes ...

Refer adolescents with moderate to severe depression for cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to improve their outcomes. Stength of recommendation: B: Two well-done randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Combination therapy using insulin plus metformin (Glucophage), a sulfonylurea, or both produces glycemic control comparable with using insulin alone, but there is less weight gain when metformin is used (strength of ...

Beta-blockers without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, amitriptyline, divalproex sodium/sodium valproate, and topiramate are the most effective drugs for preventing episodic migraine (strength of recommendation: A, ...

Q Which patients with metabolic syndrome benefit from metformin? Evidence-based answer: Patients at highest risk for progression to diabetes benefit from metformin. In patients with metabolic syndrome who are in the ...

Hypertensive patients should reduce sodium intake (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A). The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet (DASH diet)--with salt restriction and increased fruit, vegetable, calcium, and ...

For mild comedonal acne, monotherapy with topical retinoids is the treatment of choice (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A). For moderate comedonal and mild to moderate papulopustular acne, combination therapy with either ...

therapy) were effective for pain relief (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, poor-quality cohort and case-control studies). Practice guidelines and most review articles recommend acetaminophen as the first-line therapy (SOR: C, expert opinion). Treatment...

Patients with type 2 diabetes benefit from case management, as evidenced by decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The improvement in HbA1c appeared larger when case managers could make changes in medications independently ...

Sulfonylureas, metformin, thiazolidinediones, and non-sulfonylurea secretagogues differ little in their ability to decrease glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels when used as initial monotherapy for diabetes mellitus type ...

Women who take oral contraceptives (OCs) have an increased risk of developing new hypertension, which returns to baseline within 1 to 3 months of OC cessation (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on cohort studies). ...

No studies clearly demonstrate the best initial treatment for Parkinson's disease. Levodopa improves motor function in Parkinson's disease; however, long-term use is associated with irreversible dyskinesias and motor ...

When herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 lesions are in the papule or vesicle stage, there is no benefit to starting oral acyclovir (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). However, topical acyclovir ...

Intra-articular steroid injections appear to provide 2 to 6 weeks of pain relief for patients with knee osteoarthritis (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A). Higher-dose steroids with or without joint lavage can provide ...

Consider possible causes of the inadequate response, then weigh treatment options in light of the characteristics of the individual patient and therapy. When managing a patient with nonpsychotic depression and inadequate ...