Universal neonatal hearing screening leads to both earlier detection and earlier treatment of infants with hearing loss (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a systematic review). Available evidence suggests early ...

Athletes sustaining a concussion should be held from contact activities a minimum of 7 days; they must be asymptomatic and their coordination and neuropsychological tests should have returned to their pre-injury baseline ...

Though fatigue is a commonly reported symptom, high-quality studies evaluating it as a marker for diseases among menopausal women are lacking. Middle-aged women who report fatigue are more apt to screen positive for clinical ...

For children with primary nocturnal enuresis, treatment with enuresis alarms reduced the number of wet nights by almost 4 per week, with almost half of patients remaining dry for 3 months after treatment (strength of ...

History and physical examination can distinguish among most physiologic, pharmacologic, or pathologic causes of an elevated serum prolactin level (SPL) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion). Patients with ...

More than 80% of women with a first-trimester spontaneous abortion have complete natural passage of tissue within 2 to 6 weeks with no higher complication rate than that from surgical intervention (strength of recommendation ...

Progesterone produces a small but significant decrease in miscarriage among pregnant women with 3 or more unexplained pregnancy losses (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on a meta-analysis of 3 small randomized ...

No single test for menopause is highly sensitive and specific. The best predictors that a woman will enter menopause within 4 years include age at least 50 years, amenorrhea for 3 to 11 months, and menstrual cycle irregularity ...

Healthy infants who test positive for anemia on routine screening at 1 year of age are most likely iron-deficient and may be treated empirically with a trial of iron therapy (3-6 mg of elemental iron/kg/d). Documentation ...

Short-term use of metformin (Glucophage) improves ovulation rates for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials [RCT]). ...

Medicare guidelines are used to determine eligibility for hospice care (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion), but they correlate with 6-month mortality no better than an experienced clinician's ...

No studies have directly compared colonoscopy with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT). Multiple screening trials have demonstrated that a primary strategy of 3-card home FOBT with follow-up colonoscopy for positive results ...

Patients with diabetes who take thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) than those who do not; the incidence of CHF is similar with the use of pioglitazone (Actos), troglitazone ...

Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who refrain from smoking over a 2-year follow-up period decrease their relative risk (RR) for morbidity and mortality by about one third (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, ...

This ACE inhibitor can help patients with peripheral artery disease walk longer while remaining pain free.

Psychological interventions for the family-- such as parenting skills training and behavioral therapy for the child, the parents, or the whole family--reduce conflict behaviors in adolescents with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) (strength...

Use a short course of oral steroids (prednisone 30-40mg/d for 5 days) for treatment of acute gout when nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are contraindicated. Steroids are also a reasonable choice as first-line ...

Amlexanox appears to be most effective overall. Amlexanox 5% paste reduces ulcer size, pain duration, and healing time (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, multiple randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Topical steroids ...

). No RCTs directly compare immunotherapy with conservative management. Treatment decisions are driven by the clinical presentation, patient and physician preferences, practice guidelines, and expert opinion (SOR: C, based on expert opinion). In standard...

-analysis of 54 fair quality randomized trials in patients with mite-sensitive asthma....