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Does birth weight predict childhood obesity?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
A birth weight greater than 4,000 g is associated with an increased risk of obesity in both childhood and adolescence (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, systematic review and multiple cohort studies).
Need to Know, Number 04, January 2008
(Sinclair School of Nursing, 2008-01)
Does heat or cold work better for acute muscle strain?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Cryotherapy is better than heat for treating acute muscle strain (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, consensus, usual practice, and expert opinion). Insufficient patient-oriented evidence exists regarding use of heat to treat acute soft...
Effect of Antiepileptic Drugs on Oral Contraceptives
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
taking oral contraceptives, raising the potential for decreased effectiveness of oral contraceptives and increased risk of unplanned pregnancy. (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: C, based on small cohort studies). Antiepileptic drugs that do not induce...
Effects of Soy Protein-Based Formula in Full-Term Infants
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
There are no significant long-term detrimental effects associated with the use of currently available, commercially produced, isolated soy protein-based formula in full-term infants. (Strength of Recommendation: B, based primarily on cohort studies...
Does case management improve diabetes outcomes?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Patients with type 2 diabetes benefit from case management, as evidenced by decreased glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). The improvement in HbA1c appeared larger when case managers could make changes in medications independently ...
How much does smoking cessation cut CHD risk?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who refrain from smoking over a 2-year follow-up period decrease their relative risk (RR) for morbidity and mortality by about one third (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, ...
Drugs help pass more ureteral stones
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Prescribe tamsulosin (typically 0.4 mg daily) or nifedipine (typically 30 mg daily) for patients with lower ureteral calculi, to speed stone passage and to avoid surgical intervention. Stength of recommendation: A: Meta-analysis of randomized...
Does low-dose aspirin reduce preeclampsia and other maternal-fetal complications?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
The use of low-dose aspirin during pregnancy decreases the risk of preeclampsia for women considered at increased risk. The effect is smaller for women without risk factors (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on randomized controlled trials...
Should you use steroids to treat infectious mononucleosis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Studies of steroids to treat infectious mononucleosis have found no significant effect on the clinical course of the illness at 1 to 3 months (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, 1 randomized controlled trial [RCT] and 1 ...
Does regular exercise reduce the pain and stiffness of osteoarthritis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Exercise helps reduce the pain, but it's unclear whether it helps with stiffness. Exercise moderately reduces pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, 3 systematic reviews, including ...
How can you help athletes prevent and treat shin splints?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Encourage patients who are concerned about shin splints to decrease the intensity of their running; suggest rest and ice and foot orthoses, to treat the condition. Reducing running intensity probably reduces lower extremity ...
Does screening reduce lung cancer mortality?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
in high-risk patients (strength of recommendation: B, based on heterogeneous cohort studies). Large studies of both imaging approaches are ongoing....
What's the most effective treatment for giardiasis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
A single 2-g dose of tinidazole is the best treatment (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on meta-analysis). Other drugs, such as nitazoxanide, metronidazole, mebendazole, and albendazole, can also be used (SOR: A, based on randomized...
How should you evaluate elevated calcium in an asymptomatic patient?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Patients with unexplained asymptomatic true hypercalcemia should be screened for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and malignancy using an intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) level by immunoradioassay (SOR: C, expert opinion). ...
How do you evaluate macrocytosis without anemia?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Start with a detailed history, paying particular attention to medications and alcohol use (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, prospective cohort studies). Blood testing can include a peripheral smear, evaluation for ...
Medial epicondylar apophysitis (Little League elbow)
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
This issue of eMedRef provides information to clinicians on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapeutics of medial epicondylar apophysitis.
How much can exercise raise creatine kinase level-- and does it matter?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Moderate-intensity exercise (maintaining heart rate between 55% and 90% of maximum) may elevate creatine kinase (CK) to levels that meet the diagnostic criteria for rhabdomyolysis if the exercises involve eccentric muscle ...
How useful are autoantibodies in diagnosing thyroid disorders?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) may be mildly elevated in a variety of thyroid disorders, but a TRAb level >10 U/L increases the probability of Graves' disease by a moderate to large degree (strength of recommendation ...
How does VTE risk for the patch and vaginal ring compare with oral contraceptives?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2008)
Evidence is conflicting with regard to the comparative frequency of venous thrombolic events (VTE) among women using the transdermal patch when compared to an oral contraceptive (OC), even though the patch produces a relatively high serum ethinyl...