Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) appear to be the safest, given current data. Major safety concerns--prompting a US Food and Drug administration (FDA) black box label warning--have been raised about increased ...

Antidepressants--specifically clomipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline--are best and have been shown to improve symptoms of premature ejaculation (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, meta-analysis of randomized ...

Herbal formulations, certain probiotics, elimination diets based on immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, cognitive behavioral therapy, and self-help books have been shown to decrease global symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome ...

Melatonin may be effective for treating insomnia in healthy children and in those with physical or learning disabilities (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: B). Short-term use of melatonin is ...

Jaw claudication, diplopia, or a temporal artery abnormality on physical exam increase the likelihood of temporal arteritis. A finding of thrombocytosis in a patient with suspected temporal arteritis moderately increases ...

Timing alone doesn't influence the drug's efficacy in preventing postpartum bleeding (strength of recommendation: B, randomized controlled trial [RCT] and prospective cohort studies).

Abscission is a developmental program that results in the active shedding of infected or nonfunctional organs from a plant body. Here, we establish a signaling pathway that controls abscission in Arabidopsis thaliana from ...

No clinical characteristic or diagnostic test is available to readily distinguish type 1 from type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although C-peptide levels, autoantibodies, and adiponectin-to-leptin ratios show some utility, they ...

No single test for menopause is highly sensitive and specific. The best predictors that a woman will enter menopause within 4 years include age at least 50 years, amenorrhea for 3 to 11 months, and menstrual cycle irregularity ...

A short-term course of erythromycin, azithromycin, or clarithromycin is as effective as a long-term (2-week) erythromycin therapy in eradicating Bordetella pertussis from the nasopharynx (strength of recommendation [SOR]: ...

For current and former smokers, the evidence does not support yearly chest x-rays to decrease lung cancer mortality (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, based on multiple randomized controlled trials). Even with the ...

In the initial management of dyspepsia for patients without "alarm" symptoms (weight loss, recurrent vomiting, dysphagia, anemia, evidence of bleeding, onset of dyspepsia after age 45 years), therapy based on the results ...

Root hairs are single tubular cells formed from the differentiation of epidermal cells on roots. They are involved in water and nutrient uptake and represent the infection site on leguminous roots by rhizobia, soil bacteria ...

Embryo-specific overexpression of biotin carboxyl carrier protein 2 (BCCP2) inhibited plastid acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase), resulting in altered oil, protein, and carbohydrate composition in mature Arabidopsis ...

Peroxiredoxin 2 (PRDX2) is a highly efficient redox protein that neutralizes hydrogen peroxide resulting in protection of cells from oxidative damage and regulation of peroxide-mediated signal transduction events. The ...

SecA is the ATPase that provides energy for translocation of precursor polypeptides through the SecYEG translocon in Escherichia coli during protein export. We have previously shown that when SecA receives the precursor ...

There is no compelling evidence that outpatient diagnostic workup of patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) is less safe than inpatient workup, or that hospitalization prevents stroke or improves stroke outcomes ...

For children who have recurrent episodes of clinically diagnosed acute otitis media (AOM), antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces recurrence, although the effect is not large (strength of recommendation: A-, based ...

If bone density is evaluated after initiating bisphosphonate drug therapy, it should be tested no earlier than 2 years (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on case series of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry [DEXA] ...

Healthy infants who test positive for anemia on routine screening at 1 year of age are most likely iron-deficient and may be treated empirically with a trial of iron therapy (3-6 mg of elemental iron/kg/d). Documentation ...