There is abundant research that focuses on the causes and consequences of poverty in rural areas, and on the factors that ameliorate rural poverty. While a comprehensive review of this literature is not possible in this ...

Geo-Informatics are the integration of: a)GIS - geographic information systems, b) Remote Sensing - satellite and aircraft, c)GPS - global positioning systems and d)Digital photogrammetry, all in the larger context of ...

No single study evaluates the effectiveness of osteoporosis screening. However, screening women over the age of 65 years -- or those between 60-64 years with certain risk factors -- is recommended based on available evidence. ...

The risk of rupture of a small cerebral aneurysm (<10 mm) is very low in asymptomatic patients who have never had a subarachnoid hemorrhage. Because the risk of morbidity and mortality from surgical intervention ...

Asymptomatic term infants whose mothers received adequate intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (defined as intravenous penicillin or ampicillin at least 4 hours before delivery) for group B streptococcal disease do not need ...

Desmopressin reduces the number of nights of primary noctural enuresis by at least 1 per week, and increases the likelihood of "cure" (defined as 14 consecutive dry nights) while treatment is continued (number needed to ...

Patients with mild to moderate mitral regurgitation should be assessed periodically for a worsening condition; those with severe mitral regurgitation should be monitored for development of congestive heart failure, atrial ...

No element or combination of elements from the clinical history and physical examination are sufficiently sensitive or specific to confirm or exclude acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A chest x-ray is recommended ...

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is rarely helpful in the evaluation of acute low back pain. Limited evidence suggests that MRI may be useful in further assessing “red flags” in the history or physical exam. MRI has a high ...

In liquefied natural gas (LNG) plants and nitrogen rejections units (NRU) that utilize aluminum heat exchangers, mercury (Hg) contaminates can result in corrosion of equipment, poisoning of catalysts, mechanical failure, ...

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown a significant impact of phosphorus nutrition on mineral element dynamics in plant roots and shoots (Reinbott and Blevins 1991, 1994, 1999). We hypothesize that increased P ...

Lyme disease is caused by infection with the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi, causing arthritis and carditis in infected animal models. The presence of spirochetes in the joint and other soft tissues induce recruitment of ...

Objective: To determine efficacy of a new modified constraint - induced movement therapy protocol in clients with chronic stroke. Method: Each participant will undergo a six week modified constraint-induced movement (mCIMT) ...

Nano particles (particles having diameters in the nanometer range) have applications in a variety of areas including medical, environmental, sensor, to name a few. However, the production of nano particles having uniform ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the virus responsible for the AIDS pandemic, uses host cell machinery to assist its replication during the viral life cycle. A recent study randomly screened 21,000 host cell genes using ...

In Arabidopsis thaliana several phenotypes are controlled by blue light including chloroplast relocation movements and bending of the seedling stem in phototropism. These responses are controlled by the phototropins, phot1 ...

Electrohydrodynamic pumps (EHD) were built and tested to further understand the nature of the technology. Two pumps built used a conductive pumping action to achieve flow within a dielectric fluid. The first pump (pump 11) ...

Prehistoric Lake Agassiz, located in present day North Dakota, was a large lake (larger than all of the existing great lakes combined) fed by glacial runoff during the last ice age. The lake created a soft clay soil deposit, ...

Neurodegenerative diseases result from deterioration of neurons or their myelin sheath that over time leads to brain dysfunction and premature death. Cells of the brain and spinal cord do not readily regenerate therefore ...

Vector-borne diseases reduce livestock production in areas whose human populations are starving, such as the Tsetse belt in Africa. In the United States, people are infected every year with Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain ...