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Now showing items 41-60 of 324
How do exercise and diet compare for weight loss?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Exercise alone produces short-term weight loss that is comparable with that induced by diet, after which a plateau in weight loss appears to occur (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B). Exercise in combination with diet ...
How should you document a patient's refusal to undergo a necessary intervention?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Your documentation of a patient's refusal to undergo a test or intervention should include: an assessment of the patient's competence to make decisions, a statement indicating a lack of coercion; a description of your ...
What steps can reduce morbidity and mortality caused by hip fractures?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Surgery within 24 hours of hip fracture is a critical step in reducing complications, and may decrease mortality compared with conservative care (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, cohort studies). Give patients heparin ...
What's the best strategy for bipolar disorder during pregnancy?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Lithium is the first-line treatment for pregnant patients requiring medication (SOR: C, based on expert opinion). Monotherapy is preferred for women of childbearing age who have bipolar disorder (strength of recommendation ...
How effective are hypertension self-care interventions?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Simplification of the dosing regimen (eg, once-daily instead of multiple dosing) improves patients' adherence to anti- hypertensive medications (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on a high- quality systematic ...
What's the best test for HSV-2 after exposure?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA ) tests based on herpes simplex virus 2's (HSV -2) glycoprotein G have demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in determining seropositivity for HSV-2 antibodies (strength of ...
How do we evaluate a marginally low B12 level?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
The best way to evaluate a low-normal B12 level is to check serum methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels1 (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based on consistent level 2 or 3 studies). Give 1 or 2 mg of oral vitamin ...
What is the best treatment for chronic constipation in the elderly?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
There is no one best evidence-based treatment for chronic constipation in the elderly. While the most common first-line treatments are dietary fiber and exercise, the evidence is insufficient to support this approach in ...
When (and how) should you evaluate a child for obstructive sleep apnea?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Well-child visits are the appropriate time to screen all children for a history of snoring and apnea (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). Children should be further evaluated for obstructive sleep ...
What is the preferred treatment for a child with mild persistent asthma?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Low-dose inhaled corticosteroids are the preferred treatment for children with mild persistent asthma because they demonstrate superior reduction in severity and frequency of asthma exacerbations compared with alternatives ...
When should travelers begin malaria prophylaxis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Travelers should start on chloroquine 1 to 2 weeks before entering an area without chloroquine resistance (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). In areas with chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium ...
When should you treat scabies empirically?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Empirically treat patients when they have pruritus and lesions typical of scabies in at least 2 places--even if there is no known household contact diagnosed with scabies, and even if the diagnosis cannot be confirmed by ...
Which lifestyle interventions effectively lower LDL cholesterol?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Counseling, weight loss, exercise, and drinking alcohol all effectively lower low- density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Specifically, one to 2 daily drinks of alcohol lowers L DL-C, if consumed regularly for more than ...
Which nondrug alternatives can help with insomnia?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions -- particularly stimulus control and sleep hygiene -- are well-validated, effective treatments for chronic insomnia that are equivalent or superior to pharmacological ...
Which tool is most useful in diagnosing bipolar disorder in children?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
No single, well-validated screening instrument for clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children exists. That said, the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (KSADS), a semi-structured interview, ...
Which tests are the most useful for diagnosing PID?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
No single test has adequate sensitivity and specificity to reliably identify pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and thus help to spare women serious sequelae, including infertility (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, based ...
Which diuretics are safe and effective for patients with a sulfa allergy?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Diuretics that do not contain a sulfonamide group (eg, amiloride hydrochloride, eplerenone, ethacrynic acid, spironolactone, and triamterene) are safe for patients with an allergy to sulfa. The evidence is contra-dictory ...
Which technique for removing nevi is least scarring?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
A shave biopsy with a razor blade or #15 scalpel is the best approach for a facial nevus, assuming malignancy is not suspected. The resulting scar is usually flat, smaller than the lesion, has no suture lines, and -- if ...
Which patients with suspected exposure to pertussis should receive prophylaxis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Only high-risk close contacts of known cases should receive prophylactic antibiotics, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The CDC defines high-risk as (1) infants who are <12 months, (2) those ...
Which oral antifungal is best for toenail onychomycosis?
(Family Physicians Inquiries Network, 2007)
Terbinafine, 250 mg taken daily for 12 weeks, is the best regimen for toenail onychomycosis due to better clinical and mycologic cure rates, tolerability, and cost effectiveness (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, ...