Brief counseling, nicotine replacement therapy, antidepressants, and varenicline all work well. Physician intervention should begin with routine assessment of smoking status for all patients. Brief (3 minutes or less) ...

Mammography is best. It is considered as effective for screening women who have undergone augmentation mammoplasty as those who have not (strength of recommendation [SOR]: B, limited number of retrospective and prospective ...

Emerging evidence indicates that impaired mitochondrial fatty acid [beta]-oxidation plays a key role in liver steatosis. We have recently demonstrated that increased angiotensin (ANG) II causes progressive hepatic steatosis ...

The purpose of this research is to present a detailed analytical(qualitative) study of the new “health-enhancing” products in the Italian marketplace, with a focus on both the multinational corporations and the small and ...

Despite the evidence of benefits from GM papaya's adoption in other countries, concerns over the loss of export markets and health and environmental risks have led to great uncertainty and indecision about policies to ...

There isn't a single best method, but there are 5 that adequately purify water according to Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards. These include 1) boiling for 1 minute if below 2000 m (6562 feet) and 3 minutes ...

Obtain a repeat morning testosterone level, as well as levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin to help understand the cause of low testosterone when there is a lack of adequate ...

Treatment of starch-based grain with an alpha-amylase enzyme is essential to convert available starch to fermentable sugars in the production of ethanol. In an effort to improve the efficiencies of corn-based ethanol ...

Encourage patients who are concerned about shin splints to decrease the intensity of their running; suggest rest and ice and foot orthoses, to treat the condition. Reducing running intensity probably reduces lower extremity ...

Moderate-intensity exercise (maintaining heart rate between 55% and 90% of maximum) may elevate creatine kinase (CK) to levels that meet the diagnostic criteria for rhabdomyolysis if the exercises involve eccentric muscle ...

Cervical lymphadenitis, defined as an acute symptomatic enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes, is a common condition in children of all ages. Most cases of cervical lymphadenitis in children are self-limited and can ...

Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) may be mildly elevated in a variety of thyroid disorders, but a TRAb level >10 U/L increases the probability of Graves' disease by a moderate to large degree (strength of recommendation ...

Patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) who refrain from smoking over a 2-year follow-up period decrease their relative risk (RR) for morbidity and mortality by about one third (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, ...

Arthralgias and myalgias have been observed clinically in children and adolescents exposed to fluoroquinolones, but they're transient, disappear when the drug is discontinued, and appear to be no more prevalent than with ...

Although alpha blockers and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors each reduce BPH symptoms more than placebo (Strength of Recommendation [SOR]: A), alpha blockers are more effective than 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. (SOR: B). ...

Spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), a component of osteopathy, has been shown to be variably effective for the treatment of headaches. For the prophylactic treatment of cervicogenic headaches and for acute tension headaches, ...

Many markets for novel food products are characterized by a lack of information. To counter a lack of information, governmental and non-governmental entities often want to provide consumers with information but do not ...

Patients with moderate to high cardiac risk (a Revised Cardiac Risk Index [RCRI] score of 2 or higher [Table]) have a reduced risk of in-hospital death following perioperative beta-blocker therapy (strength of recommendation ...

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level is the preferred test for initial evaluation of suspected primary hypothyroidism (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion). If TSH is abnormal, a free thyroxine (T4) level ...

Monitor the growth of exclusively breastfed babies by plotting routine weights and lengths on the World Health Organization (WHO) growth curve (strength of recommendation [SOR]: A, systematic reviews). Reassure parents ...