Validation of X-Ray Fluorescence-Measured Swine Femur Lead Against Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Abstract

The aim of this study was to apply the technique of 109Cd-based K-shell X-ray fluorescence (XRF) bone lead measurements to swine femurs and to validate the concentrations obtained therefrom against an independent chemical measurement of bone lead: atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The femurs ranged in lead concentration from 1.0 to 24.5 µg of lead per gram of ashed bone, as measured by AAS. On average, XRF overestimated AAS-measured femur lead by 2.6 µg/g [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.0 µg/g], approximately 2 µg/g poorer than that observed in studies of human tibiae. Measurements of swine femur and, by extension, of nonhuman bones may require adjustment of the XRF spectrum peak extraction method.