Working mom and domestic dad : a content analysis of gender role constructions in women's magazines of 1961 and 2011

Abstract

Fifty years ago, women were largely confined to the home, and men were responsible for breadwinning. Today, many would suggest the genders are closer to being equals and that women can choose whatever life they want. This study looked to see if magazines in 2011 are, in fact, more progressive than their 1961 counterparts. A quantitative content analysis of 36 issues of Good Housekeeping, Ladies' Home Journal, and Redbook coded story types and topics, subject function, relationship status, parental status, occupation, and responsibility, and themes of work-life balance, sharing of domestic work and breadwinning, and acknowledgment of income and education disparity. A total of 454 articles and 1,102 subjects were analyzed, and chi-square goodness of fit tests were used to look for significant differences in distributions and proportions. The results showed significant change in construction of females and males over the period and an increase in most themes. However, men and women were still unequal in most factors in 2011. At the same time, an analysis of more specific categories of the data yielded a more positive outlook than the significance tests alone and indicated that women's magazines' gender role constructions today are much more progressive and egalitarian than they were 50 years ago, though men and women are not yet treated equally and further progress is possible in magazines.