What are effective treatments for panic disorder?

Abstract

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), benzodiazepines (BDZs), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are effective for panic disorder (PD) with or without agoraphobia (NNT5 for complete remission). SSRIs may be most effective, but BDZs work faster. Clomipramine is more effective than other TCAs. CBT improves response and decreases relapse rates when used with medication. Severe symptoms may warrant short-term use of a BDZ until other therapies take effect (Grade of recommendation: A, based on systematic reviews of randomized clinical trials (RCTs); high quality RCTs).