How accurate is the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia?

Abstract

No element or combination of elements from the clinical history and physical examination are sufficiently sensitive or specific to confirm or exclude acute community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). A chest x-ray is recommended to make the diagnosis (Grade of Recommendation: A, based on well-designed cohort studies). No studies specifically demonstrate improved patient outcomes through use of chest x-ray in adults; however, accurate diagnosis is expected to reduce the number of unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions (Grade of Recommendation: D, based on expert opinion).