Which nondrug alternatives can help with insomnia?

Abstract

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) interventions -- particularly stimulus control and sleep hygiene -- are well-validated, effective treatments for chronic insomnia that are equivalent or superior to pharmacological interventions (strength of recommendation: A, based on systematic reviews). The long-term efficacy of CBT interventions, and their successful implementation by primary care physician (as compared with behavioral science providers), is unclear.