What are the best validated scoring systems for estimating stroke risk and bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Abstract

The CHA2DS2-VASc, Framingham Risk score for atrial fibrillation (AF), and the Rietbrock modified CHADS2 scoring systems are better than chance and the CHADS2 scoring system at predicting the risk for stroke in patients with AF. To determine bleeding risk, the HAS-BLED score is more accurate and easier to use than the Outpatient Bleeding Risk Index (OBRI) and HEMOR2RHAGES scores. Using the HAS-BLED in conjunction with the CHA2DS2-VASc system would be the easiest and most predictive way to risk-stratify bleeding and stroke risk in AF patients (SOR: B, individual cohort studies).