Tree decline--what is it? (1998)

Abstract

This publication focuses on what takes place in the process of 'tree decline' and how it is distinguished from 'tree death.' The latter may be specifically attributed to particular single causes such as oak wilt, Dutch elm disease or pine wilt disease. Whether a tree declines as part of the forest or as a shade tree in a yard, some of the same general principles and causes are often involved. Understanding the reasons for decline may help you prevent, reduce or sometimes reverse decline of your yard or woodland trees.