Distance and disparity: social disadvantage and the distribution of hazardous waste in America

Abstract

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Since the original studies of environmental discrimination were completed in the early 1980s, many scholars have measured disproportionate proximity to hazardous waste by poor and minority communities. The majority of this research has found evidence to support claims of environmental injustice, yet no research to date has examined the role of residential segregation in producing or proliferating environmental inequities. This research has addressed this limitation by systematically testing racial residential segregation as part of a more rigorous measurement of the theoretical constructs of environmental inequality, and by measuring each of the theoretical constructs in counties where hazardous waste facilities are owned or operated by the federal government. The results of multivariate analyses suggest that proximity to hazardous waste emissions inequitably burdens racial minorities and segregated residents, even when controlling for urbanization and local industry. Evidence of inequalities in counties with federal facilities was inconclusive.