Characterization of the insect cuticle sclerotization hormone bursicon and bursicon-regulated genes in the house fly Musca domestica

Abstract

Bursicon is a neurohormone that regulates the cuticle sclerotization and wing expansion process in insects. Bursicon is a heterodimeric cystine knot protein containing two subunits, burs [alpha] and burs [beta], which are encoded by two genes, burs [alpha] and burs [beta]. In the current study, the burs [alpha] and burs [beta] genes were cloned from the house fly Musca domestica. The transcriptional profiles of burs [alpha] and burs [beta] genes were analyzed in the central nervous systems of M. domestica. Recombinant M. domestica bursicon heterodimer (r-bursicon) was expressed in mammalian 293 cells and insect Highfive(TM) cells, and was analyzed for bursicon function. Using the r-bursicon with a fly neck-ligation assay and the DNA microarray analysis, a panel of genes that is regulated by bursicon was identified from M. domestica and also the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Two of these genes, suppressor of hairless and pleckstrin homology, were cloned and sequenced for further study in M. domestica (designated mdSu(H) and mdPH). The mdSu(H) is a transcription factor involved in an important signal transduction pathway, the Notch signaling pathway, and the mdPH is possibly responsible for regulating the G protein coupled receptor 2, which is proposed to be the receptor of bursicon. By studying mdSu(H) and mdPH, we have provided two excellent components that very likely involved in the bursicon regulated signal transduction pathway during the insect cuticle sclerotization and wing expansion process.