Determination of allergen sensitization and comparison of subcutaneous and mucosal (intranasal) allergen-specific immunotherapy in an experimental model of feline asthma

Abstract

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] Rush immunotherapy (RIT) is effective in experimental feline allergic asthma. Further studies evaluating reliable allergen identification and improved safety and efficacy were indicated. First, we hypothesized that intradermal skin testing (IDST) would demonstrate greater sensitivity and specificity than serum allergen-specific IgE determination. Second, we hypothesized that mucosal (intranasal) RIT would have similar efficacy to subcutaneous (SC) RIT with improved safety. For specific aim 1, thirteen cats were sensitized to one of two allergens or placebo. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum were collected, and IDST was performed. Individual, pooled, and pooled HI samples were analyzed using an Fc[ye]R1[alpha]- based ELISA; pooled samples were also analyzed using an enzymoimmunometric assay. For specific aim 2, twelve cats, sensitized and challenged with BGA, were randomized to receive SC or IN RIT. Adverse reactions and clinical respiratory scores were recorded. BALF % eosinophils and cytokine concentrations were measured. Sensitivity of IDST was greater than serum IgE measurement. Both IDST and allergen-specific IgE determination via ELISA were specific; the enzymoimmunometric assay was unreliable and can not be recommended. Both SC and IN RIT protocols decreased eosinophilic airway inflammation. Either protocol could be considered for the treatment of feline allergic asthma.