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dc.contributor.authorSwan, Shanna H.eng
dc.contributor.authorBrazil, Charleneeng
dc.contributor.authorDrobnis, Erma Z.eng
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Faneng
dc.contributor.authorKruse, Robin L.eng
dc.contributor.authorHatch, Maureeneng
dc.contributor.authorRedmon, J. Bruceeng
dc.contributor.authorWang, Christinaeng
dc.contributor.authorOverstreet, James W.eng
dc.contributor.authorStudy for Future Families Research Teameng
dc.contributor.corporatenameStudy for Future Families Research Teameng
dc.date.issued2003-04eng
dc.descriptiondoi:10.1289/ehp.5927eng
dc.description.abstractAlthough geographic variation in semen quality has been reported, this is the first study in the United States to compare semen quality among study centers using standardized methods and strict quality control. We evaluated semen specimens from partners of 512 pregnant women recruited through prenatal clinics in four U.S. cities during 1999-2001; 91% of men provided two specimens. Sperm concentration, semen volume, and motility were determined at the centers, and morphology was assessed at a central laboratory. Study protocols were identical across centers, and quality control was rigorously maintained. Sperm concentration was significantly lower in Columbia, Missouri, than in New York, New York; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Los Angeles, California. Mean counts were 58.7, 102.9, 98.6, and 80.8 × 106/mL (medians 53.5, 88.5, 81.8, and 64.8 × 106/mL) in Missouri, New York, Minnesota, and California, respectively. The total number of motile sperm was also lower in Missouri than in other centers: 113, 196, 201, and 162 × 106 in Missouri, New York, Minnesota, and California, respectively. Semen volume and the percent morphologically normal sperm did not differ appreciably among centers. These between-center differences remained significant in multivariate models that controlled for abstinence time, semen analysis time, age, race, smoking, history of sexually transmitted disease, and recent fever (all p-values < 0.01). Confounding factors and differences in study methods are unlikely to account for the lower semen quality seen in this mid-Missouri population. These data suggest that sperm concentration and motility may be reduced in semirural and agricultural areas relative to more urban and less agriculturally exposed areas.eng
dc.identifier.citationEnvironmental Health Perspectives 111(4) 2003: 414-420.eng
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10355/8835eng
dc.languageEnglisheng
dc.publisherEnvironmental Health Perspectiveseng
dc.relation.ispartofFamily and Community Medicine publications (MU)eng
dc.relation.ispartofcommunityUniversity of Missouri-Columbia. School of Medicine. Department of Family and Community Medicineeng
dc.sourceHarvested from: Environmental Health Perspectives web siteeng
dc.subjectmale fertilityeng
dc.subjectagricultural communitieseng
dc.subjectgeographical studyeng
dc.subject.lcshSpermatozoaeng
dc.subject.lcshSemeneng
dc.subject.lcshReproductive health --Environmental aspectseng
dc.titleGeographic Differences in Semen Quality of Fertile U.S. Maleseng
dc.typeArticleeng


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