Biological Engineering presentations (MU)
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Items in this collection are public presentations made by Department of Biological Engineering faculty, staff, and students, either alone or as co-authors, and which may or may not have been published in an alternate format. Items may contain more than one file type.
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Item Novel Nanostructured Organosilicate Nanoparticle Coatings for Chem-Bio Sensing [abstract](2010-03) Korampally, Venumadhav, 1972-; Darr, Charles Matthew, 1984-; Polo-Parada, Luis; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; Grant, Sheila Ann; Sobel, Annette; Singh, Balram; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)We present novel nanostructured organosilicate particulate based films and demonstrate that these materials have a great potential for chemical-biological sensor development. With unprecedented high surface areas (> 1400 m2/g) and optical transparency together with its easy surface functionalization, these materials can be readily interfaced with existing immunoassays for the rapid and trace detection of both chemical and biological warfare agents. The ultra high surface area associated with these films stems from its unique nanostructure consisting of nanoparticles (2-5nm) in a “raspberry” structure in combination with interconnected nanopores (3-10nm). This unique nanostructure has been exploited to immobilize high areal density of sensor probes to improve the sensing performance. Two orders of magnitude increase in binding density was achieved when fluorescently tagged protein A molecules were immobilized upon these surfaces compared to flat substrates (glass and Silicon). Our on-going work applies these materials to develop platforms for multiplexed sensitive detection of biological and chemical agents at point of care for both army and civilian use.Item Applications of Energetic Materials and Copper Oxide Nanorods for Decontamination [abstract](2010-03) Thiruvengadathan, Rajagopalan; Lee, Byung Doo; Smith, Brandon; Sengupta, Shramik; Polo-Parada, Luis; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)We demonstrate the potential of nanoenergetic coatings and CuO nanorods to decontaminate surfaces infected with bacteria. The methods of decontamination include (i) fast combustion of an energetic paint applied on contaminated surfaces and (ii) exploitation of biocidal activity of copper oxide. The success of the first method depends mainly on effective heat transfer to the contaminated surface. For this to happen, the substantial heat produced during the combustion of the energetic coating needs to be sustained for sufficient duration. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the contaminated surfaces are not damaged. Our research group has developed suitable energetic composition to realize this goal. A stainless steel substrate contaminated with cultured bacteria grown in standard conditions was spray coated with a thick film of the paint (composed of appropriate weight percent of Al nanoparticles dispersed in a fluoropolymer, THV 220A). After a short drying period, the paint was ignited which self propagated across the substrate typically in few milliseconds. A swab of the remaining ash was taken and an LB agar plate was prepared. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 72 hrs with inspection after every 24 hours. No bacteria had grown after 72 hrs indicating the successful destruction of bacteria. Applicability of this method was further extended to removal of biofilms from different substrates. For certain optimal compositions of the energetic formulations, the flame propagates extremely rapidly across the rest of the surface (in tens of milliseconds on 1” x 3” test surfaces) without damaging the surface and leaves behind charred remains of the biofilm that can be wiped / air blown away. We believe that the flame propagates through a series of events in which nano-particles ignite and reach high temperatures as they burn. The high local temperature destroys the biofilm in its immediate vicinity and also helps to ignite other nanoparticles nearby. However, since the amount of heat released is comparatively less, the underlying material surface remains relatively undamaged. Complete destruction of bio-film with no damage to the underlying material can be achieved only for certain optimal values of nanoparticle size and concentration in the organic solvent, and for certain compositions of the solvent itself. We have been able to successfully formulate such blends. Such blends were used to treat biofilm harboring ~ 107 bacteria / cm2. A burn lasting <1 s reduced the number of bacteria to less than our detectable threshold of 2 bacteria / cm2. We would like to use the technology to remove biofilm formed on the surface of heat exchangers. Biofilm buildup causes the efficiency of heat exchangers to drop by ~30%, and costs associated with taking the exchangers offline and cleaning them accrue to billions of dollars each year. Our initial results from the testing on the biocidal activity of the filtrates consisting of copper and chlorine ions obtained during the production of CuO nanorods shows that the contaminated surfaces can be cleaned effectively. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Leonard Wood Institute (LWI).Item Self-Aligned Microchip Device for Automated Measurement of Quantal Exocytosis [abstract](2010-02) Barizuddin, Syed, 1971-; Liu, Xin; Gillis, Kevin D.; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)Neurons and endocrine cells secrete neurotransmitters and hormones as a method for cell-to-cell communication through the process of exocytosis. Disruption of exocytosis underlie neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and the accounts for the toxicity of clostridial neurotoxins. In order to study the regulation of exocytosis it is important to carry out studies at the level of single-cells and resolve single-vesicle release events. Carbon-fiber microelectrodes are commonly used to perform single-cell measurements but are slow and labor-intensive to use. Therefore we are developing microchip devices with arrays of electrochemical electrodes for high-throughput measurement of single-vesicle release events. One challenge in the development of these devices is automatically targeting individual cells to each recording electrode. Here we describe a microchip device that uses a self-aligning surface chemistry approach to target individual cells to each electrochemical microelectrode in an array. The microelectrodes are small and “cytophilic” in order to promote adhesion of a single cell whereas all other areas of the chip are covered with a thin “cytophobic” film to block cell attachement and facilitate movement of cells to electrodes. This cytophobic film also insulates unused areas of the conductive film. Amperometric spikes resulting from single-granule fusion events were recorded on the device and had amplitudes and kinetics similar to those measured using carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Use of this device will increase the pace of basic neuroscience research and may also find applications in assaying neurotoxins and development of pharmaceuticals.Item Photoacoustic Detection of Circulating Prostate, Breast and Pancreatic Cancer cells using targeted Gold Nanoparticles: Implications of Green Nanotechnology in Molecular Imaging(2010-02) Shukla, Ravi; Gupta, Sagar Kishore, 1984-; Chanda, Nripen; Zambre, Ajit; Viator, John A.; Mukharjee, Priyabrata; Mukhopadhyay, Debabrata; Kannan, Raghuraman; Katti, Kattesh V.; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)Circulating tumor cells are hallmarks of metastasis cancer. The presence of circulating tumor cells in blood stream correlates with the severity of disease. Photoacoustic imaging (PA) of tumor cells is an attractive technique for potential applications in diagnostic imaging of circulating tumor cells. However, the sensitivity of photoacoustic imaging of tumor cells depends on their photon absorption characteristics. In this context, gold nanoparticle embedded tumor cells offer significant advantages for diagnostic PA of single cells. As the PA absorptivity is directly proportional to the number of nanoparticles embedded within tumor cells, the propensity of nanoparticles to internalize within tumor cells will dictate the sensitivity for single cell detection. We are developing biocompatible gold nanoparticles to use them as probes as part of our ongoing effort toward the application of X ray CT Imaging, Ultra Sound (US) and photoacoustic imaging of circulating breast, pancreatic and prostate tumor cells. We, herein report our latest results which have shown that epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-conjugated gold nanoparticles (EGCG-AuNPs) internalize selectively within cancer cells providing threshold concentrations required for photo acoustic signals. In this presentation, we will describe, our recent results on the synthesis and characterization of EGCG gold nanoparticles, their cellular internalization and photo acoustic imaging of PC-3 prostate cancer cells and PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells.Item Using Biodiesel as a Lubricity Additive for Petroleum Diesel Fuel(2009-04) Schumacher, Leon G.; Adams, Brian T., 1971-; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Energy Summit (2009 : University of Missouri--Columbia)Professor Schumacher discussed aspects of lubricity in fuels, including a project to determine the concentration of biodiesel that will raise the lubricity of the new low sulfur diesel fuel.