Medical Pharmacology and Physiology presentations (MU)
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Items in this collection represent public presentations made by Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology faculty, staff, and students, either alone or as co-authors, and which may or may not have been published in an alternate format. Items may contain more than one file type.
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Item Integration of exercise sciences research: Achieving a balance between reductionist versus integrative approaches(2000) Booth, Frank W., Ph. D.This presentation argues that exercise sciences will badly miss achieving a balance between reductionistic versus integrative approaches under the current NIH plan to reorganize NIH study sections. NIH wants to score exercise grants in multiple study sections whose mentality does not appreciate the balance between reductionism and integration in exercise to score exercise grants against grants better appreciated by the group dynamics of that study section.Item Applications of Energetic Materials and Copper Oxide Nanorods for Decontamination [abstract](2010-03) Thiruvengadathan, Rajagopalan; Lee, Byung Doo; Smith, Brandon; Sengupta, Shramik; Polo-Parada, Luis; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)We demonstrate the potential of nanoenergetic coatings and CuO nanorods to decontaminate surfaces infected with bacteria. The methods of decontamination include (i) fast combustion of an energetic paint applied on contaminated surfaces and (ii) exploitation of biocidal activity of copper oxide. The success of the first method depends mainly on effective heat transfer to the contaminated surface. For this to happen, the substantial heat produced during the combustion of the energetic coating needs to be sustained for sufficient duration. At the same time, it is necessary to ensure that the contaminated surfaces are not damaged. Our research group has developed suitable energetic composition to realize this goal. A stainless steel substrate contaminated with cultured bacteria grown in standard conditions was spray coated with a thick film of the paint (composed of appropriate weight percent of Al nanoparticles dispersed in a fluoropolymer, THV 220A). After a short drying period, the paint was ignited which self propagated across the substrate typically in few milliseconds. A swab of the remaining ash was taken and an LB agar plate was prepared. The plate was incubated at 37°C for 72 hrs with inspection after every 24 hours. No bacteria had grown after 72 hrs indicating the successful destruction of bacteria. Applicability of this method was further extended to removal of biofilms from different substrates. For certain optimal compositions of the energetic formulations, the flame propagates extremely rapidly across the rest of the surface (in tens of milliseconds on 1” x 3” test surfaces) without damaging the surface and leaves behind charred remains of the biofilm that can be wiped / air blown away. We believe that the flame propagates through a series of events in which nano-particles ignite and reach high temperatures as they burn. The high local temperature destroys the biofilm in its immediate vicinity and also helps to ignite other nanoparticles nearby. However, since the amount of heat released is comparatively less, the underlying material surface remains relatively undamaged. Complete destruction of bio-film with no damage to the underlying material can be achieved only for certain optimal values of nanoparticle size and concentration in the organic solvent, and for certain compositions of the solvent itself. We have been able to successfully formulate such blends. Such blends were used to treat biofilm harboring ~ 107 bacteria / cm2. A burn lasting <1 s reduced the number of bacteria to less than our detectable threshold of 2 bacteria / cm2. We would like to use the technology to remove biofilm formed on the surface of heat exchangers. Biofilm buildup causes the efficiency of heat exchangers to drop by ~30%, and costs associated with taking the exchangers offline and cleaning them accrue to billions of dollars each year. Our initial results from the testing on the biocidal activity of the filtrates consisting of copper and chlorine ions obtained during the production of CuO nanorods shows that the contaminated surfaces can be cleaned effectively. Acknowledgement: We acknowledge the financial support provided by the Leonard Wood Institute (LWI).Item Development and characterization of fluorescent dye-doped nanoparticles with enhanced fluorescence intensity and photostability [abstract](2010) Bok, Sangho, 1972-; Korampally, Venumadhav, 1972-; Mukherjee, Somik; Dasgupta, Purnendu K.; Gangopadhyay, Keshab; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; Polo-Parada, Luis; Folk, William Robert; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)We report the development of fluorescent dye doped organosilicate nanoparticles (DOSNPs) synthesized from poly-methylsilsesquioxane(PMSSQ), resulting in high fluorescence intensity and excellent photostability. The surface modified DOSNPs have hydrophilic surfaces and hydrophobic cores that enhance water-solubility and protect the dyes from oxidation and phtobleaching. These DOSNPs show superior properties over conventional dyes such as high fluorescence intensity due to approximately hundred dye molecules per particle and photostability demonstrating 7% and 76% fluorescence decay under continuous excitation for rhodamine 6G (R6G) DOSNP and R6G molecules, respectively, and have potential to be used in many areas, for example, imaging, sensing and solar cells. DOSNPs, when conjugated to anti-fibronectin antibodies, increased sensitivity of detection by approximately 600 fold relative to individual dye molecules conjugated to antibody. The DOSNPs are being applied to the development of diagnostic devices to be used in the detection of drugs, metabolites and pathogens.Item Self-Aligned Microchip Device for Automated Measurement of Quantal Exocytosis [abstract](2010-02) Barizuddin, Syed, 1971-; Liu, Xin; Gillis, Kevin D.; Gangopadhyay, Shubhra; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)Neurons and endocrine cells secrete neurotransmitters and hormones as a method for cell-to-cell communication through the process of exocytosis. Disruption of exocytosis underlie neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease and the accounts for the toxicity of clostridial neurotoxins. In order to study the regulation of exocytosis it is important to carry out studies at the level of single-cells and resolve single-vesicle release events. Carbon-fiber microelectrodes are commonly used to perform single-cell measurements but are slow and labor-intensive to use. Therefore we are developing microchip devices with arrays of electrochemical electrodes for high-throughput measurement of single-vesicle release events. One challenge in the development of these devices is automatically targeting individual cells to each recording electrode. Here we describe a microchip device that uses a self-aligning surface chemistry approach to target individual cells to each electrochemical microelectrode in an array. The microelectrodes are small and “cytophilic” in order to promote adhesion of a single cell whereas all other areas of the chip are covered with a thin “cytophobic” film to block cell attachement and facilitate movement of cells to electrodes. This cytophobic film also insulates unused areas of the conductive film. Amperometric spikes resulting from single-granule fusion events were recorded on the device and had amplitudes and kinetics similar to those measured using carbon-fiber microelectrodes. Use of this device will increase the pace of basic neuroscience research and may also find applications in assaying neurotoxins and development of pharmaceuticals.