Stadler Genetics Symposia, volume 07, 1975 (MU)

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https://hdl.handle.net/10355/66518

Contents of volume 7

Dedication
Preface
Program
Contents
List of Participants
ERWIN CHARGAFF: A few remarks on the impact of biochemistry on genetics
ROBERT B. HELLING: Eukaryotic genes in prokaryotic cells
OLUF L. GAMBORG: Advances in somatic cell hybridization in higher plants
RICHARD B. FLAVELL and DEREK B. SMITH: Genome organization in higher plants
NOBORU SUEOKA: Genetic transformation as a tool in the studies of DNA replication and recombination
GEORGE B. JOHNSON: Enzyme polymorphism and adaptation
ALLAN C. WILSON: Evolutionary importance of gene regulation
C. DONALD MILES: Genetic analysis of photosynthesis
DEAN E. METTER: Natural selection and adaptive resemblances

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Stadler Genetics Symposia, volume 07, 1975 : Preliminaries and back matter
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975) Stadler Genetics Symposium (7th : 1975 : Columbia, Missouri)
Evolutionary importance of gene regulation
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975) Wilson, Allan C.; Stadler Genetics Symposium (7th : 1975 : Columbia, Missouri)
To assess the relative importance of regulatory mutations and structural gene mutations in adaptive evolution at the organismal level, two kinds of evidence were considered: 1) Evidence concerning the mechanism by which bacterial populations acquire genetically the ability to utilise a novel carbon source. (2) Evidence from studies of rates of evolutionary change in structural genes, number of chromosomes, number of chromosomal arms, hybrid in viability and anatomy of vertebrates. It is concluded tentatively that evolution at the organismal level depends chiefly on regulatory mutations and that gene rearrangement is an important mechanism for achieving altered patterns of gene regulation.
Genetic transformation as a tool in the studies of DNA replication and recombination
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975) Sueoka, Noboru; Stadler Genetics Symposium (7th : 1975 : Columbia, Missouri)
Mechanism of chromosome replication by the use of transformation and genetic recombination are reviewed in Bacillus subtilis. The order of gene replication can be determined by marker frequency analysis during exponential growth when the cells are asynchronous. Alternatively, in synchronized cells density transfer combined with transformation reveals the order of replication of markers. The frequency of the replicated genes is influenced also by their position relative to the origin of replication when the nutritional environment varies. A position effect may be shown by the sequential appearance of certain metabolic functions as a consequence of gene order on the chromosome. The origin and terminus of replication are membrane bound as seen by radioactive labeling and marker frequency. The membrane-DNA complex can be isolated and used for the study of the basic mechanics of replication. In vitro studies are feasible to compare initiation, elongation, repair and localization data with those obtained in in vivo systems. In vitro analysis of recombination seems desirable but remains unsuccessful. An understanding of the basic biology of these functions promises important practical applications.
Genetic analysis of photosynthesis
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975) Miles, C. Donald; Stadler Genetics Symposium (7th : 1975 : Columbia, Missouri)
It is now possible to select mutations of nuclear genes controlling various steps of the light reaction of photosynthesis in higher plants. Forty-nine such mutants, which were not previously available for the study of photosynthesis, have been isolated on the basis of their high level of chlorophyll fluorescence or their ability to withstand treatment of the photodynamic inhibitor, diquat. Diquat requires photosynthetic activity in order to kill plants and therefore mutants of photosynthesis survive. Full green seedling lethal photosynthesis mutants of Zea mays have been isolated which have near normal chloroplast ultrastructure. Using standard measurements of photosynthetic reactions we have characterized the first series of these mutants to the single protein involved. Among those now identified, one is missing the NADP+ reductase enzyme (hcf-1); another has lost cytochrome f(hcf-2); and one has no high potential cytochrome b[subscript 559] (hcf-3). There is also indication that hcf-4 does not have the ATP synthesis enzymes for non-cyclic photophosphorylation. These maize mutants are now being applied to basic studies of the pathway of photosynthetic electron transport and phosphorylation. Unique information gained in this way may have application to our understanding of photosynthetic control in an important food plant species.
Natural selection and adaptive resemblances
(University of Missouri, Agricultural Experiment Station, 1975) Metter, Dean E.; Stadler Genetics Symposium (7th : 1975 : Columbia, Missouri)
The great majority of animal species exhibit some type of adaptive resemblance. Whether this takes the direction of cryptic resemblance of some type of mimicry is unpredictable. The evidence indicates that all adaptive resemblances are directed by natural selection and leave the species better able to survive within his environment.

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