Oral and Craniofacial Sciences Presentations (UMKC)
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Items in this collection are the scholarly output of the Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences faculty, staff, and students, either alone or as co-authors, and which may or may not have been published in an alternate format
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Item The osteocyte(Henry Stewart Talks (Firm), 2015-01) Bonewald, Lynda F.Item Development of a Telemetry Unit for Wireless Monitoring of Bone Strain(2010-03) Moiz, Fahad; Huang, Qian; Leon-Salas, Walter D. (Walter Daniel); Johnson, Mark L. (Mark Louis); University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)A telemetry unit designed to monitor strain in bones is presented. This unit allows studying the relationship between bone load and bone mass in scenarios that were not possible with current setup. The current measuring setup employs a bench top load instrument and a data acquisition unit to read the output of strain gage sensors attached to the ulna of a mouse. Although precise, this setup is bulky and requires complete immobilization of the mouse. The telemetry unit developed by the authors replaces the data acquisition unit in the current setup and is able to wirelessly transmit the readings of the strain gage to a remote computer. The telemetry unit makes possible the collection of bone strain data in scenarios where the mouse is free to move or while performing fatigue-inducing exercises. The unit has been designed around an ultra low-power microcontroller (MSP430). The microcontroller makes the design highly flexible and programmable. The telemetry unit also includes a high-performance instrumentation amplifier to amplify the strain gage output. The gain and offset of the amplifier are digitally set by the microcontroller eliminating the use of manual potentiometers. The board has an expansion connector that allows up to 16 additional strain gages to be connected to the unit and incorporates a low-power radio transceiver operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The data transmitted by the unit is received by a base station connected to a computer via a USB cable. The telemetry unit has been tested in a lab setting and is able to transmit the strain data at distances greater than 20 m while consuming less than 30 mW of power. This low power consumption allows the unit to be powered by a micro-battery weighting less than 3 grams. The telemetry unit can be used in other biomedical applications such as in the monitoring of orthopedic implants and can be easily configured to use other type of sensors.Item Effect of Radius on Load Distribution within Mouse Forearm Structure: Experimental and Numerical Analyses(2010-03) Lu, Yunkai; Thiagarajan, Ganesh, 1963-; Johnson, Mark L. (Mark Louis); University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)It has been hypothesized that osteocytes are stimulated by local strain distribution within the bone subjected to mechanical loadings. This collaborative research project between bone biologists and mechanical engineers is attempting to identify local strain fields around osteocytes that can account for their behavior in response to loading. Using CT images we have built and conducted an extensive finite element study of the mouse forearm. Our model incorporates many components of forearm anatomy not previously included in these models such as the radius and marrow cavities. The results of the current research will shed light on how bone perceives mechanical load and the pathway whereby a physical load is transduced into a biochemical signal that eventually results in new bone formation. The study will help in developing new treatments for bone diseases such as osteoporosis.Item Investigation and Optimization of Silorane-Based Polymer System [abstract](2010-03) Kilway, Kathleen V., 1963-; Weiler, R. A.; Melander, J. R.; Miller, B. D.; Nalvarte-Kostoryz, Elisabet L. (Elisabet Lourdes), 1958-; Schuman, T. S.; Velez, Mariano; Day, Delbert E.; Bonewald, Lynda F.; Eick, J. David (John David), 1939-; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)This research is a collaboration between Department of Oral Biology in the School of Dentistry at UMKC, Department of Chemistry in The College of Arts and Sciences at UMKC, Department of Chemistry at Missouri Science and Technology, and Mo-Sci Corporation in Rolla, MO. The collaborators' expertise includes organic chemistry synthesis, polymer synthesis, materials development, filler preparation/manipulation, analytical/physical/mechanical studies, and biocompatibility. The purpose of this research is develop alternatives to the current commercial bone cements as well as alternates to current bone stabilization for trauma. In order to do so, the material needs to have optimal polymerization, handling times, biocompatibility, physical and mechanical properties. Current initiators for polymerization have problems due to high exothermicity, toxicity, and low degree of cure. In order to find the ideal material, the initiators whether photo-, chemical or dual needs to be investigated. Methacrylates are the most common resin system in dental composites, however they have problems with polymerization shrinkage as well as cytotoxicity that can lead to biocompatibility issues. Newly developed silorane composites are unique in their low shrinkage (Weinmann, Thalacker et al. 2005; Guggenberger, Weinmann 2000) and improved biocompatibility (Kostoryz, Zhu et al. 2007) over methacrylates. Current bone repair options are methacrylate-based and have many of the same issues as methacrylate based dental composites. New ways to repair bone trauma are currently being sought out. Siloranes are a viable option that could be used as a bone cement or stabilizer. The resin system for this study is composed of silorane monomers, which will be tested with and without filler. Methacrylate, oxirane, and bone cements are used as references. Polymerization times, pH readings, biocompatibility, and mechanical properties have been tested. Systems will be compared to the two model resin systems along with light-cured silorane (Crivello, Bulut 2006). A main difference between the two resins in question is their polymerization pathways, the free radical polymerization of methacrylates compared to cationic polymerization for siloranes. The different pathways require different chemical curing processes. The long-term goal of this research is to develop new materials, which could be used to stabilize traumatic fractures or as an improved dental composite. The rationale for the proposed research is that due to the reduced stress and good biocompatibility, a silorane system with an optimal initiation system could be a good alternative for conventional bone repair options. References: Crivello, J. V.; Bulut, U. (2006) Dual Photo- and Thermally Initiated Cationic Polymerization of Epoxy Monomers. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 44(23): 6750-6764. Guggenberger, R.; Weinmann, W. (2000) Exploring beyond methacrylates. Am. J. Dent. 13: 82-84. Kostoryz, E. L.; Zhu, Q.; Zhao, H.; Glaros, A. G.; Eick, J. D. (2007) Assessment of cytotoxicity and DNA damage exhibited by siloranes and oxiranes in cultured mammalian cells. Mutation Res. 634: 156-162. Weinmann, W.; Thalacker, C.; Guggenberger, R. (2005) Siloranes in dental composites. Dent. Mater. 21: 68-74.Item Clearing the hurdles for nanotechnology: In vivo inhalation effects(2010-03) Herndon, B.; Nalvarte-Kostoryz, Elisabet L. (Elisabet Lourdes), 1958-; Molteni, A.; Quinn, T.; Fibuch, Eugene; University of Missouri (System); Missouri Life Sciences Summit (2010: University of Missouri--Kansas City)INTRODUCTION: Nanoparticles of many types have been created for industrial and medical applications. Among these nanoparticles, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are of high interest for their physicochemical properties and application in electronics, drug delivery and other areas. With the rapid expansion in SWCNT-based new technologies, a full understanding of their safety and risks for human exposure must be considered. Because of the potential human risk of nanoparticle exposure we have developed an animal model to study the effects of nanoparticle exposure on lung tissue. Using this rat model we hypothesized that an acute nanoparticle exposure would result in an inflammatory response in lung tissue. METHODS: Particle instillation (intratracheal under direct visualization) of 50 μL pediatric surfactant containing 500 micrograms SWCNT (or surfactant alone) was performed in 32 rats to date. Pulmonary histology and biochemical measures on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), pleural fluid, serum and lung cells was quantified. RESULTS: Very early (<30 minutes) eosinophilia developed in lung tissue following SWCNT instillation. Innate immune system sterile response, or Damage Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) protein was released. Our dose proved sterile, <0.03 EU LPS, showing the effect was damage-induced not pathogen-induced. High mobility group box protein-1 (HMGB1), a nuclear chaperone and prototype DAMP was elevated (ELISA) following SWCNT exposure. A second DAMP, heatshock protein 70 (HSP-70), a cytoplasmic chaperone, was also quantified by ELISA. The response OF HSP-70 over time is similar to HMGB1. Western blots performed on time-harvested lungs exposed to SWCNT demonstrated a receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), with a strong peak at 3 hours after pulmonary exposure. The inflammatory cytokine TNFα appeared in lung tissue and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL) at 30 minutes, with the same timing as the HMGB1 and HSP-70 release. Flow cytometry of type II pneumocytes and pulmonary macrophages from SWCNT-exposed rats demonstrated secondary DAMP receptors. A potential chronic effect was noted at one month. HMGB1 and HSP-70 peaked acutely at approximately 24 hr and then slowly decreased at 1 to 2 weeks. At 1 month, however, a new increase was seen. CONCLUSIONS: The hydrophobic SWCNT, important industrial components, form bundles and fibers in the hydrophilic lung, creating an immediate cellular inflammatory response, measurable cellular necrosis and very rapid chemokine release. Early data suggests the potential for chronicity.