computer vision research where their efficient representation has superior effects. In contemporary computer vision research driven by deep neural networks, superpixel-based approaches mainly rely on oversegmentation to provide a more efficient...

, identified major challenges, and listed some future research directions. Existing techniques were categorized into using contextual information, combining multiple feature maps, creating sufficient positive examples, and balancing foreground and background...

In the modern era, facial photos are used for a wide array of applications, from logging into a smartphone to bragging about a weekend getaway. With the vast amount of use cases for facial images, adversaries will attack ...