Sustainable economic growth in Iraq : role of industrialization, deforestation, trade, employment, technology, and agriculture
Abstract
In the present study, the sustainable economic growth of Iraq is evaluated by analyzing six key explanatory variables, namely industrialization, deforestation, trade, employment, and agricultural expansion, which is measured by arable land. The study utilizes a time series research design spanning from 2000 to 2021. A quantitative approach was adopted, and data were collected from the World Bank database. The study utilized FMOLS (fully modified ordinary least squares) and DOLS (dynamic ordinary least squares) regression techniques to investigate the relationship. Additionally, canonical cointegrating regression (CCR) estimation was employed as a robust estimator. The results reveal significant negative effects of employment and deforestation on GDP per capita (GDPC). Industrialization also negatively impacts GDPC, while trade shows a positive influence. On the other hand, arable land does not exhibit a significant impact on GDPC. Based on the findings, the research suggests several policy implications.
Citation
AgBioForum, 25(2): 32-41. ©2023 AgBioForum
Rights
OpenAccess.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License.