We found no evidence for changed outcomes from early detection of renal artery stenosis (RAS). Treatment of RAS in refractory hypertension modestly improves blood pressure control. There was a trend toward improved clinical outcomes but studies were...

, and malnutrition (strength of recommendation: C, based on expert opinion, physiology, and case series). Evidence suggests that magnesium deficiency is both more common and more clinically significant than generally appreciated....

Raloxifene (60 mg daily for three years) will prevent one vertebral fracture, including asymptomatic fractures, for every 46 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or presence of previous vertebral fractures. Raloxifene ...

Healthy infants who test positive for anemia on routine screening at 1 year of age are most likely iron-deficient and may be treated empirically with a trial of iron therapy (3-6 mg of elemental iron/kg/d). Documentation ...

]: A, based on multiple randomized controlled studies [RCTs]). Evidence is insufficient to show whether LMWH specifically reduces the risk of clinically significant DVTs, and recommendations on its use are conflicting (SOR: C, based on expert opinion...

Based on current evidence, statin therapy should be offered to all patients with type 2 diabetes who are known to have coronary artery disease. [Strength of recommendation: A] For patients older than 40 years with type 2 ...

Patients with diabetes who take thiazolidinediones (TZDs) have a higher incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) than those who do not; the incidence of CHF is similar with the use of pioglitazone (Actos), troglitazone ...

(strength of recommendation [SOR]: B; based on multiple prospective cohort studies). For diagnosing perimenopause, the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is most useful for clinical situations in which the pretest probability, as based on history...

Reported evidence suggests that DEET use is safe for children older than 2 months, with only very rare incidence of major adverse effects (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C). Typically, a topical concentration between ...

second (FEV1), or by changes in patients' self-reported symptoms. If such harmful effects do exist, they are likely to be less clinically important than the substantial proven benefits of beta-blockade for patients with concomitant cardiovascular disease...

The evaluation of hirsutism should begin with a history and physical examination to identify signs and symptoms suggestive of diseases such as polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), hypothyroidism, hyperprolactinemia, ...

Both antidepressant medications and psychologic treatment are beneficial for adult patients with mild to moderate depression, with no consistent evidence that one type of treatment is more effective than the other. [Strength ...

Treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism with levothyroxine may be of most benefit to patients with symptoms suggestive of hypothyroidism and those patients with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels higher than 10 μIU ...

Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is currently the gold standard for detecting patients with white-coat hypertension. Women and all patients with lower office systolic blood pressures, stage I hypertension, and no target ...

Stimulant medication therapy is the most effective treatment for attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, producing significant improvements in symptoms and modest improvements in academic achievement ...

St. John's wort is safe and effective for short-term (six to eight weeks) relief of mild to moderate depression in adults. [Strength of recommendation: A, based on consistent evidence from high-quality systematic reviews]

Lyme titers should be ordered for patients with signs or symptoms of disseminated Lyme disease, but who do not have the pathognomonic erythema migrans rash (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, based on expert opinion). ...

Treatment of early Parkinson's disease with either selegiline (Eldepryl), a dopamine agonist (pramipexole [Mirapex], ropinirole [Requip], or bromocriptine [Parlodel]), or the combination of levodopa and carbidopa (Sinemet) ...

Little evidence supports the use of the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein assay (hs-CRP) as a screening test for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the healthy adult population. There is significant debate about its use in ...

Pertussis should be considered in infants with apnea or severe coughing illnesses of any duration, and in older children or adults with prolonged cough (eg, longer than 2 weeks), especially if accompanied by inspiratory ...